also do not have any way of captur- ing solar energy to generate heat, nor do they offer any indication of how hot the water actually gets dur- ing the process. Husson therefore developed the AquaPak to address all these issues. The AquaPak is basically a fl at
polyethylene plastic envelope with a clear bubble-pack layer on the top and a black layer on the bot- tom. These layers are bonded with tapered seals to ensure durable, wa- tertight construction. The back lay- er includes a screw-style spout that accepts a special cap that contains a device known as a WAPI (water purifi cation indicator). The WAPI consists of a glass vial fi lled with a specially formulated colored wax that melts at the exact temperature required to pasteurize water: 149 degrees F (65 degrees C). The Aqua- Pak comes with a built-in carrying/ suspension handle and a piece of fi lter material for fi ltering the water when the pack is fi lled. The directions for using the
AquaPak, which are printed and offered in easy-to-follow pictorial form on the back of the pack are very easy. First, remove the WAPI cap and cover the spout with the fi l- ter material, which is held in place with the supplied O-ring. Fill the AquaPak between the minimum and maximum fi ll lines marked on the back, remove and store the fi l- ter and O-ring, and securely attach the WAPI cap. Now, simply place the AquaPak in a location where it will receive full sunlight for several hours. To increase its effi ciency, you can also attach an optional refl ector panel that refl ects additional sun- light onto the pack. The AquaPak’s shallow depth
and large surface area allow the sun’s rays to penetrate the water much more easily than a plastic bottle. When those rays strike the black bottom panel of the pack, they are converted into heat that is radiated directly into the water. When the water temperature rises to 149 degrees F, the colored wax in the WAPI vial in the cap melts, pro- viding a clear visual indication that the water has reached the threshold temperature for pasteurization. Named for the man who discov-
ered it, the famed Louis Pasteur, pasteurization is basically the pro- cess of heating a substance to a controlled temperature to kill po- tentially harmful bacteria. Widely used in the dairy industry and many other aspects of food manufacture, it is an extremely reliable means of
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disinfecting foods without having to heat them to boiling temperature. Once the WAPI confi rms that
the water in the AquaPak is at the required temperature, the pasteuri- zation process is basically complete and the number of harmful patho- gens in the water has been drasti- cally decreased. In scientifi c tests conducted by BioVir Laboratories in San Francisco and Environmen- tal Engineering Laboratories in San Diego, the AquaPak eradicated over 99.99 percent of the patho- gens present in contaminated water through its combined SODIS pas- teurization process. Unlike the 6 hours required
to disinfect water by the SODIS method alone, the AquaPak is much more time effi cient. Its large, fl at shape also allows it to process larger volumes of water more ef- fi ciently. Depending on the avail- ability of sunlight throughout the day, a single AquaPak can produce as much as 3 gallons of clean water per day. Because of its unique design, the
AquaPak can also be hung by its carrying handle in a static location or even on a backpack while hiking. It and its WAPI indicator are reus- able and will last almost indefi nitely. Although the AquaPak is defi -
nitely a great addition to any disas- ter preparedness kit, its inventor, Frank Husson, is primarily focused on making these amazing products available to the people and commu- nities that need them most. Aqua- Paks are currently in use in 57 coun- tries that have a critical need for safe drinking water. More than 2 million people in 28 developing countries currently use the bottle-based SO- DIS method for daily drinking wa- ter treatment. Together, these pro- grams have signifi cantly improved the quality of drinking water for millions of people and drastically reduced the incidents of sickness due to water-borne pathogens.
It Works And Is Cheap Solar water disinfection is a
proven method of making con- taminated or suspect water safe to drink. Like most water treatment methods, it only addresses micro- biological contamination and does not remove chemicals or heavy met- als. Nevertheless, it is a viable, easy to use, and incredibly economical method of ensuring that your water supply is safe to drink in a disaster situation. And it’s defi nitely a re- source that you should have in your survival toolkit. *
65
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