Inullging Motile Pathogens with Light Microscopy and
Cryogenic nullectron nullonullgraphy
Freddy Frischnullechtnulland MarenullCyrnullaff
nullepartment nullnull nullarasitnulllnullgynull nullygiene nullnstitutenull nullniversity nullnull nullidelnullerg nulledical nullchnullnulllnull nullm nulluenheimer nulleld
null24null 69120 nullidelnullergnull nullermany
null nullreddy.nullrischnullnecht@med.uni-heidelnullerg.de
Introdnulltion
they are destrnullyednull nullhile the spnullrnullinull tes that enter the nulllnullnulld
nulle mtnull prnullminent vectnullr-transmitted diseases in the snull t
can reach the liver nullnull nulln the livernull spnullrnullinull tes migrate nulln
and third nullnullrld are nullyme disease and malarianull respectively. nulln
endnullthelial cells and pass thrnullugh resident macrnullphages and
nullnullth cases the transmitted agents are intrnullduced intnull the snullin
several hepatnullcytes nullenullnullre invading a hepatnullcyte tnull nullurther
nullrnullm nullhere they eventually disseminate intnull the nulllnullnulld using
dinullerentiate intnull tens nullnull thnullusands nullnull red nulllnullnulld cell-invading
active mnulltility. nulle are interested in deciphering the mnulllecular
parasites that ultimately cause malarianull (revienulled in nullrudencinull
mechanisms underlying the mnulltility nullnull these pathennull s and
et al. nullnull. nulllearlynull nullithnullut their mnulltilitynull spnullrnullinull tesnull as nullell as
hnullnull they relate tnull the ultrastructure nullnull the pathennull s. nullere nulle
nullther stages nullnull the parasitenull nullnulluld nnullt nulle anullle tnull successnullully
prnullvide an nullvervienull nullnull the micrnullcnullpy techninullues that nulle use
innullect a htnull nullnull nulle are interested in understanding the
tnull achieve these gnullals.
mnulllecular and nullinullphysical principles invnulllved in parasite
migratinulln. nulle parasite is thnullught tnull use an actnullmynullin mnulltnullr
Malaria linnulled tnull the sutnull rate via an integrin-linulle prnulltein (nullnull) tnull
nullalaria is transmitted during the nullite nullnull an innullected nullemale prnullduce nullnullrrnull d mnulltinulln null-8null nullrinulld nulllasnullodiunull actin
Anopnulleles mnull uitnull (nulligure 1) and causes arnullund 500 millinulln nulllaments are shnullrtnull measuring nullnly up tnull 100 nm and have
innullectinullns resulting in 1-2 millinulln deaths per year. nullnullntrary tnull never nulleen visualinulld in nullinullo in a malaria parasite null-10null
cnullmmnulln nullelienullnull the mnull uitnull rarely innullects parasites directly nullimilarlynull nnull distinct adhesinulln sites nullnull the spnullrnullinull te tnull the
intnull the nulllnullnulldnull nullut rather depnullits them in the dermis null-2null sutnull rate have nulleen nullnullerved. nullurinulluslynull as shnullnulln in nulligure 2null
nullese parasitesnull nulllasnullodiunull spnullrnullinull tesnull are nullnullrmed in spnullrnullinull tes mnullve in a circular snull hinulln nulln nullat suppnullrtsnull nullhich
parasitic cysts at the gut nullll nullnull the mnull uitnull nullrnullm nullhere they nullcilitates their investigatinulln nullith light micrnullcnullpy null1-12null
enter the insectnulls circulatnullry systemnull the haemnulllymphnull and nullese parasites are less than 1 null thicnull thus allnullnulling the
eventually enter the salivary glands nullnull nullere they migrate use nullnull electrnulln micrnullcnullpy tnull enullmine them in toto nullithnullut
thrnullugh the saliva prnullducing cells and accumulate in the the need nullnullr sectinullning. nulle snull t develnullped a set nullnull autnullmated
cavities nullrnullm nullhere they slnullnullly prnullress thrnullugh the salivary tracnulling tnullnullls that can classinully dinullerent mnullvement patterns
duct system. nullly the parasites that have actively migrated intnull
and mnulltility parameters such as average speednull mnulltility
the salivary canal system can then nulle transmitted during a nullitenull
patternnull and curvature null1null snull allnullnulled the determinatinulln
nullhen they are nullushed nullut nullith the saliva nullnull cenull in the snullinnull
nullnull the enullect nullnull nullnnullnulln inhinullitnullrs nullnull actin dynamics in a highly
the spnullrnullinull tes speed up cnullnsideranullly and mnullve nulln seemingly
accurate manner. nulle currently utilinull laser tnulleenullrs tnull prnullnulle
randnullm tranullectnullries thrnullugh the tissue and eventually enter
the adhesinulln prnullperties and enullmine the tractinulln nullnullrces nullnull
either nulllnullnulld nullr lymph vessels nullnull 5null nulle spnullrnullinull tes that enter
parasites in the presence and anullence nullnull drugs as nullell as
lymph vessels accumulate in the draining lymph nnulldes nullhere
parasites lacnulling dinullerent prnullteins that cnulluld pnulltentially nulle
impnullrtant nullnullr spnullrnullinull te adhesinulln
and migratinulln. nulle alsnull use
surnullce sensitive light micrnullcnullpy
methnullds such as renullctinulln
internullerence cnullntrast micrnullcnullpy
as nullell as tnulltal internal renullctinulln
nullunullrescence micrnullcnullpy tnull
investigate spnullrnullinull te adhesinulln
dynamics. snull indeed revealed
the enullstence nullnull individual
adhesinulln sites and shnullnulled
that their dynamic turnnullver is
impnullrtant nullnullr mnulltility. nullinallynull tnull
Fignulle null Malaria vectors, Anopheles gamnullae nullenullnulland Anonulleles stenullensi innullcted nulltnulleen null nullorescent
investigate the structure nullnull these
Plasmodium nullrghei nullrasites nullinulltnull Note tnull een null dronullonullsaliva at tnull end onulltnull oboscis null indicatinnull
adhesinulln sites and reveal the rnullle
enullruded nullrasites nullrronulland insetnull Imanulls bnullJames nulltnullnnull, Cnull, and nulllvia Mnullter, nullnullrtment onull
nullrasitolonull, nulliversitnullonullnullidelbernullMedical nullnullol.
nullnull actin nulllamentsnull nulle emplnullyed
cryenicnull electrnulln tnullmnullraphy
30 doinullnull.nullnullnullnullnull929null999null2null
www.microscopy-today.com null nullnull nullvenuller
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