nulllnullornulls in Biolonullcal nullstems
nullnulltained nullnullr the endnullcuticle and enullnullcuticle (nulligures 7anull 1null and
2). snull cnullnnullms that chitin is alsnull the main nnulln-mineralinulld
cnullmpnullnent nullnull the nullrganic matrinull nullnull study the distrinullutinulln nullnull
nullanullnull
null
null the integral nullver the mtnull prnullnnullunced nullaman nulland nullnull
nullanullnull
null
at 1080 cm
-1
snull calculated and plnulltted as an intensity
image (nulligure 7null. nulligher amnullunts nullnull mineral can nulle nullnullund
in the enullnullcuticle. nullnull nulluantinully the mineral distrinullutinullnnull the
nullasis analysis prnullcedure has nulleen used. nulle spectra nullnullr pure
calcite and nullnullnull (nulligures 4a and 4null as nullell as the nullne nullnullr the
nullrganic matrinull (nulligures 7a and null nullere used as nullase spectra nullnullr
the nullasis analysis prnullcedure nullnull the nullnullec nullrnullnullect snullnullrnull e. nulln
this prnullcedurenull each measured spectrum nullnull the 2-null spectral
array snull nulltted nully a linear cnullmnullinatinulln nullnull nullasis spectra null
null
using the least snulluares methnulld null4null nulle resulting nulleight
nullctnullr is prnullpnullrtinullnal tnull the nulluantity nullnull the specinull material
and can nulle displayed as intensity in the cnullrrespnullnding nullaman
image such that a high value is shnullnulln in nullrighter cnulllnullr. nulligure
7c shnullnull the cnulllnullr-cnullded nullaman image nullnull the cuticle anuller
nullverlaying the resulting images nullnull calcite (red)null nullnullnull (nulllue)null
and the nullrganic matrinull (green). nulle nullaman image cnullnnullms
that calcium carnullnullnate nullccurs nullithin the nullhnullle enullnullcuticle and
endnullcuticle (nulligure 7null. nulln the cnulllnullr-cnullded nullaman image the
tnullnull pnulllymnullrphs nullnull nullanullnull
null
can nulle unenulluivnullcally separated.
nullalcite is restricted tnull the enullerinullr nullh nullnull the cuticlenull nullhich
cnullrrespnullnds tnull the enullnullcuticle. nulln cnullntrast tnull thisnull nullnullnull is present
Fignulle null nullman snullctra nullnullevaluated om null tnull nullman imanull acnullired on tnull
nullithin the nullhnullle endnullcuticle and alsnull tnull a smaller enullent in the
cuticle onulla Pnullscanullr. nullectrum nullis recorded om null tnull enullcuticle and snullctrum inner reginulln nullnull the enullnullcuticle. nullnullrnull ds inner reginullns nullnull the
2 om null tnull endocuticle. nullectrum nullis tanulln om null tnull membranous lanullr. Tnull
endnullcuticle the amnullunt nullnull mineral decreasesnull and the nullrganic
imanull nullnullsnullnull distribution onullCaCnull
null
nulltnulln tnull cuticle nullnulland colornulloded
nullman imanull onulltnull cuticle.
matrinull nullecnullmes mnullre anullundant. nullithin the memnullrannullus layer
nnull stanullilinullng mineral can nulle nullnullund. nullerenullnullrenull this reginulln can
striatinulln increases up tnull 1 null and the variatinullns in height are
shrinnull tnull a higher enullent than the endnullcuticle and appears
nullelnullnull 25 nm (nulligure 6a). nulln an image tanullen at higher resnulllutinulln
smaller in the nullnull images (nulligures 6a and 6null.
(nulligure 6c) the ripples appear smnullnullth nulln tnullpnull nullut nullne can see
Conclnullions
in nulletnulleen the ripples nullnullril-linulle structures that are less than
nulle cnullmnullinatinulln nullnull nullnull and cnullnnullnullcal nullaman
100 nm thicnull nulle enullerinullr nullh nullnull the cuticlenull nullhich can nulle
assigned tnull the enullnullcuticlenull appears nullat in the nullvervienull (nulligure
micrnullcnullpy in a single instrument allnullnull the nnullndestructive
6a). null higher-resnulllutinulln image (nulligure 6d) reveals stacnullnull nullhich
characterinulltinulln nullnull heterennull enullus nullinulllnullical materials. nulln
are less nullrdered than in the endnullcuticle. nulllnulle tnull the surnullce a
cnullmnullinatinulln nullith a pnullnullernullul snullnullrnull e pacgnull enull chemical
smnullnullth layer can nulle seennull cnullrrespnullnding tnull a calcite-cnullntaining
identinullatinulln nullnull small sample vnulllumes nullecnullmes availanullle at
layer clnulle tnull the surnullce (nulligure 6d) nullnull.
very shnullrt integratinulln times per spectrum. nullt cnulluld nulle shnullnulln
nullnull analynull the chemical cnullmpnullitinulln nullnull the cuticlenull an area
that the mineral phase nullithin the sternal depnullits nullnull the null. scanuller
nullnull 25 null 10 null
2
snull investigated in nullaman imaging mnullde nully
cnullnsists nullnull the amnullrphnullus phase nullnull nullanullnull
null
. nulligh-resnulllutinulln
recnullrding 250 null 100 nullaman spectra nullith an integratinulln time
nullnull images revealed the presence nullnull a three-layered structure.
nullnull 0.07 s per spectrum. nulln a snull t stepnull average spectra nullnull the
nulle spherular nullrganinulltinulln nullnull tnullnull nullnull these layers prnullvides a
enullnullcuticle and endnullcuticlenull as nullell as nullnull the memnullrannullus layernull
large surnullce nullnull nullanullnull
null
depnullitsnull nullcilitating the mnullnullilinulltinulln nullnull
nullere generated. nulls shnullnulln in nulligure 7anull calcium carnullnullnate
calcium and carnullnullnate inullns during resnullrpitnulln nullnull the depnullit.
in cnullmnullinatinulln nullith an nullrganic matrinull nullccurs nullithin nullnullth
nulln the cuticle nullnull null. scanullernull tnullnull pnulllymnullrphs nullnull nullanullnull
null
nullere
enullnullcuticle and endnullcuticlenull nullut the presence nullnull calcite is
detected nenull tnull each nullther nully nullaman imaging. nulle prnulltective
limited nullithin the enullnullcuticle. nulle memnullrannullus layer appears
calcite phase is present nullnly in the enullnullcuticlenull nullhereas the
tnull nulle virtually devnullid nullnull calcium carnullnullnate representing
amnullrphnullus nullnullnull phase is present nullithin the nullhnullle endnullcuticle.
the nnulln-mineralinulld nullrganic matrinull nulle averaged spectra
nulltructural changes nullnullerved nullith the nullnull nullhile imaging
calculated nullrnullm this reginulln reveals a nulland nullith the snull t
the cuticle can nulle linnulled nullith the chemical cnullmpnullitinulln nullrnullm
manullmum at null75 cm
-1
specinull nullnullr amid nullnullnds and a secnullnd
nullaman imagingnull thus leading tnull the cnullrrelatinulln nulletnulleen
manullmum at null50 cm
-1
characteristic nullnull hydrennull nullnullnds chemical cnullmpnullsitinulln and the cnullnstructinullnal mnullrphnulllnullgy nullnull the
(nulligures 7a and null null0null nulle same nulland alsnull appears in spectra cuticle.
28
www.microscopy-today.com null nullnull nullvenuller
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