Table 2. Influence of enzyme combinations on the apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE) of broilers at 42 days of age


Treatment1 Phytase Phytase + XA Ileal digestibility (%)


Energy Protein Starch 73.3b 75.2a


Phytase + XAP 76.5a


82.4b 83.2b 85.1a


93.9 96.6 97.0


Fat


86.6c 87.9b 89.4a


AIDE (kcal/ kg of DM)


3,417b 3,505a 3,569a


: X = xylanase from Trichoderma ressei (2,000 U/kg); A = amylase from Bacillus licheniformis (200 U/kg); P = protease from Bacillus subtilis (4,000 U/kg)


a-b: Different letters in a column indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). 1


Table 4. Effects of enzyme complex on growth performance of broiler chicks (day 0 to 42)


Item


BW gain (g/bird/d)


Basal diet1 CS CS


CWS CWS


CWSC CWSC


1


Effects on growth performance Meat duck The enzyme complex comprising of xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase shows improvement in growth performance of ducklings (Zeng et al., 2015) (Table 3) fed a diet short in energy, digestible amino acids and minerals.


Table 3. Growth performance of ducks at days 14 and 35 of age Treatment1


14 days of age


PC NC


NC + enzyme 1: PC = positive control; negative control, NC = −100 kcal/kg,


−2.5% DAA, −0.15 % avP, −0.12 % Ca; DAA = digestible amino acids; BWG = body weight gain


Broilers In the research of Sharifi et al. (2013), different grain-based diets were studied to investigate the effects of Natuzyme (a multi-enzyme complex produced by Bioproton) on growth performance of broilers.


955a 956a


35 days of age BWG day 14-35


BW (g) FI (g) BW (g) FI (g) 695 664 706


1021b


2395 2276 2391


(g)


3950a 3750b 3978a


1700 1612 1685


enzyme -


+ -


+ -


+


Feed intake


(g/bird/d)


1795 1825 1638 1832 1633 1847


3159 3160 2923 3168 3053 3275


1.76 1.73 1.78 1.73 1.87 1.77


FCR (g/g)


Ileal


viscosity, day 40 (mPa)


1.27 1.26 1.60 1.43 1.51 1.44


: CS = Corn-soybean diet; CWS = Corn-wheat-soybean diet; CWSC = Corn-wheat-soybean-canola diet


Irrespective of the type of grain, Natuzyme (which consists of phytase, xylanase, amylase, β-glucanase, protease, cellulase, lipase, pectinase and mannanase) showed better growth performance across all the grain types (corn-soybean (CS), corn-wheat-soybean (CWS), corn- wheat-soybean-canola (CWSC)) (Table 4). The multi-enzyme complex also decreased ileal digesta viscosity. High viscosity interferes with the activity of digestive enzymes and with the subsequent movement of nutrients before their absorption; this was shown to depress growth rate and feed conversion efficiency (Bedford, 1992; Smits and Annison, 1996).


Effects on intestinal morphology Broilers Villi are important structures in the small intestine which are mainly involved in nutrient absorption (Fuller, 2004). Sharifi et al. (2013) showed that a phytase, xylanase, amylase, β-glucanase, protease, cellulase, lipase, pectinase and mannanase complex increases villi height and villus height:crypt depth ratio in the small intestine (Table 5), suggesting the multi-enzyme can stimulate mucosal growth and enhance epithelial cell regeneration resulting in a better


Table 5. Effect of enzyme complex on the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens at d 40 Item (μm)


Basal diet1 CS CS


CWS CWS


CWSC CWSC


enzyme -


+ -


+ -


+


612 636 606 676 595 657


Duodenum V. height


Height:Crypt depth


(μm)


3.62 3.88 2.12 3.77 2.10 3.06


V. height (μm)


359 424 376 464 380 443


Jejunum


Height:Crypt depth


(μm)


3.18 3.74 2.12 2.64 2.19 3.15


1: CS = Corn-soybean diet; CWS = Corn-wheat-soybean diet; CWSC = Corn-wheat-soybean-canola diet V. height (μm)


368 372 270 312 277 344


Ileum


Height:Crypt depth


(μm)


3.75 4.00 2.22 3.93 2.23 3.56


FEED COMPOUNDER JULY/AUGUST 2019 PAGE 23


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