Ensuring that baseline level of AI literacy is important. We also need to look at research to add to that AI Literacy because the interaction between the social context and technology is chang- ing so fast. We will need to continu- ally update things and part of this is understanding the limitations of these systems – things like hallucinations; understanding how the systems work.” There have been well documented
cases of ChatGPT and other systems not working quite how they are expected to. From erratic responses akin to anger, to so-called hallucinations, and Mark says understanding that these behaviours exist are part of the learning process. “It will offer internally coherent but fac- tually inaccurate responses under certain conditions. From a university perspective and thinking about the integrity of assess- ments, this could be a huge problem in terms of AI literacy. It’s frequently wrong and it is very difficult, without existing factual knowledge, to be sure when it is wrong and when it is not.”
Mark’s own experience with ChatGPT threw up some intriguing hallucinations about his own biography – claiming that he was the author of several books that do not exist. And the hallucinations go beyond merely being incorrect, with added
plausibility coming from the system. Mark explains: “When I ask it to describe these books it gives detailed summaries that make perfect sense to me. In one case I’ve had the idea that I want to write this book – it is the perfect continuation of my work that brings together multiple strands of my research.”
The other major concern comes from image and video creation using AI tools, and the assumptions people hold about content they view or read. Mark says: “The assumption is that if we see a text it is written by a human being, but that is breaking down.
“And there is much more to this technol- ogy than just text. We have text-to-image and the development of text-to-video, which could have a huge impact on soci- ety. The image of the Pope in the puffer jacket – that was possibly the first Gener- ative AI image that went viral because it was on the cusp of being believable. These types of images are being spread and the impact is going to be huge. If you look at social media companies laying-off trust and security staff, we are potentially going to see an avalanche of misinformation and fake images at exactly the moment when society is least equipped for it. “Politically, with elections coming up that could have a huge impact. You can
intellectually know that images and videos can be fabricated, but whether people act on that knowledge remains to be seen.” There are clearly questions still to be answered, but it is also clear that individu- als and organisations need to be engaging with AI technology. There needs to be dialogue and collaboration, as well as self-reflective practice. Institutions need to be thinking about potential impacts as well as potential uses and look at how they develop staff and other potential users.
Join Mark and keynote speakers, including Masud Khokhar, Keeper of the Brotherton Library,University of Leeds; Dr Navina Evans, Chief Work- force and Training Officer, NHS England, Sathnam Sanghera, author and jour- nalist; and Rebecka Isaksson, Partner and Director Content and Collaboration AI at AI Lab Sweden AB (see pp. 18-21). Mark will be looking at Educational trends and their impact for University Libraries, exploring how technology is re-shaping academia, and what this means for librarians and information specialists in Higher Education. CILIP Conference 2023 takes place at the Hilton Birmingham Metropole Hotel on 12 and 13 June. Book your place now at
https://cilipconference.org.uk IP
April-May 2023
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