Vol. 64, No. 3 Autumn 2019 286


equivalents: the Fort-, Park- and Victory-types. He even notes that Admiral Emory S. Land, the head of the Maritime Administration that was responsible for Liberty ship construction, himself stated that the plans came from Britain and no United States citizen could claim credit for the design.


T e other major point the author makes relates to the great adaptability of the Liberty ship for other purposes than general freight carrying. Both the United States and Royal navies made extensive use of Liberty ships or their British equivalents as


auxiliaries, both during World War II and in post- war years.


T is is a superb production replete with very clear line drawings by the author and a fi ne array of photographs that back up his very clear and lucid text. It needs to be on the shelf of anyone seriously interested in the naval and maritime history of World War II or the story of the development of merchant shipping in the twentieth century.


Michael O’Brien San Francisco, California


T e Saint-Philippe: A 90-gun T ree-Decker, 1693-1715


By Jean-Claude Lemineur


Translated by François Fougerat Nice: A.N.C.R.E., 2019


9-1/2” x 12-1/2”, boxed set, 224 + 16 pages, 45 plans. €225.00


Saint Philippe was a fi rst-rate ship of the line of the French Royal Navy, the second vessel in the two- ship Tonnant class, designed and built by François Coulomb at Toulon. Saint Philippe was launched on October 1693 and completed in December of the same


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