Different Types of Decisions
Programmed/Non Programmed Decisions Not all decisions are the same. The more ambiguous the situation the more difficult the decisions become.
Programmed Decisions
Using a traffic light as a metaphor think about what you do when you see a RED TRAFFIC LIGHT while driving your car. Do you think about what your reaction should be? No…you step on the brake. The same holds true for the GREEN TRAFFIC LIGHT… you continue on. This is a routine automatic response or a Programmed Decision.
Non-Programmed Decisions
Again using the traffic light concept what do you do when you see a YELLOW TRAFFIC LIGHT? Do you stop or drive through it? Now it becomes more difficult because you are taking into consideration other factors. For instance you may have to take into consideration traffic, weather, car maintenance issues, etc. This is a Non-Programmed decision and these kinds of decisions are more difficult to navigate.
There are three basic conflicts or decisions we face in Non- Programmed Decision-making:
Approach – Approach (win-win) In this decision you must decide between two positives. Approach – Avoidance (win-lose)
In this decision you must decide between a positive and a negative.
Avoidance – Avoidance (lose-lose)
In this decision you must decide between two negatives or “the best of two evils”.
Stress occurs when a person is frustrated by an attempt to approach a positive outcome and avoid a negative; this situation creates conflict.
Decision Making Modes There are three primary modes:
• Unilateral Decision – Usually made by one person in a time-critical emergency or routine situation, or when immediate actions are required.
• Consultative Decision – This occurs when one person is responsible for the decision but seeks input from others.
• Collaborative Decision – All crewmembers are equally responsible for the decision and there is adequate time to arrive at a consensus.
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