ATC Communications – Pilots


Every ATC instruction has its key words and formats. For example, an ATC facility name and frequency always follow “Contact” – “Contact Hometown tower on one- two-three-point-four”. “Fly Heading” is usually followed by a three-digit compass heading-“Fly heading zer0- niner-zero”. Takeoff instructions are one exception.


Regardless of the information transmitted, there should never be a question in a pilot’s or controller’s mind that both are talking about the same thing. If you have a question “verify” is the word you use to ensure you have the right information. For example, you say, “Verify Tower frequency on one-two-three-point-four” if you believe you misinterpreted the tower frequency.


You should learn to use the right words for many reasons, and safety is at the top of the list. Another reason is the fact that “talking the talk” means you will spend less time conversing with ATC which provides more time and attention to managing your flight.


The “Pilot/Controller Glossary” is the United States official source for the “right words”. Pilots find it in the Aeronautical Information Manual and controllers find the same glossary in their ATC Handbook.


An effective PIC/Crew will ensure that the decision as to who will perform the radio calls is briefed prior to flight.


It is important to be aware of the Standard


Operating Procedures (SOPs) of a flight department so that inadequate areas can be discussed and exposed to enhance CRM.


Common Language


The use of common language is an essential part of onboard communication and an integral part of good CRM. It strengthens the working relationship between the cockpit and cabin and is also a powerful tool in supporting CRM and maintaining onboard safety.


Here are some examples of common language:


Common language may be used to initiate immediate actions.


Planned Evacuation example:


To avoid confusion in communicating the PIC’s intent, pilots should begin their briefing to flight attendants with the phrase, “This is a cabin prep.”


This should prompt the FA to ask the “TEST” information.


Common language enables few words to convey a significant amount of information.


Cabin Ready example:


The FA uses this term “Cabin Ready” to advise the cockpit that a series of pre-departure requirements have been met.


Turbulence example:


The PIC specifies turbulence intensity as light, moderate, or severe to relay the condition and the expected crewmember actions.


Common language provides shared terminology, which allows certain procedures to be performed.


Cabin Preparation (landing) example:


The PIC states, “Prepare for landing” to inform the FA that landing is imminent.


Turbulence example: The PIC states, “Be seated” to command the FA to sit down in the nearest seat, jumpseat or on the floor.


Common language uses specific words proven effective in an emergency .


Crisis Command example:


Evacuation commands such as “Brace, Brace, Brace” and “Leave Everything”


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