Overview


What is an Antifadent Solution? After 15 Seconds Illumination


Citifluor Antifadent Mountant Solutions Mountant Media to Minimize Photobleaching


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Antifadent Solutions reduce the photo-bleaching, or fading of the fluorescence of dyes used for labeling biological species. The fading of fluorochrome dyes is a particular problem in fluorescence microscopy, such as in immunofluorescence studies. Fluorescent dyes are also used as cell markers, for following the uptake and release of calcium from cells for example, and for characterizing cell surfaces. For work at high magnification, a non-fluorescent immersion oil is available.


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In fluorescence microscopy, the fluorescence is stimulated by high intensity UV or visible light. Absorption of the light populates an excited state of the dye (usually a singlet state) and this leads to fluorescence. However, the excited state of the dye may undergo chemical reactions which leads to its destruction as evidenced by the fading or bleaching of the fluorescence and consequent loss of the image or in the case of assays, a change in signal intensity during measurement.


To overcome these problems, use antifadent (antibleaching) solutions as mounting media when specimens are examined by fluorescent microscopy or other detection systems and as additives for assays.


The most frequently used solution is AF1 which is an anti-fadent (anti- bleaching agent) contained in a glycerol PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) solution and is particularly useful for examining tissue sections.


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AF2 solution contains the antifadent in glycerol which enables users to choose their own buffer, and AF3 is the antifadent in PBS solution. AF3 is particularly useful for examining live cells.


AF87 is a non fluorescent immersion oil containing antifadent. CFPVOH is an aqueous solution of poly (vinyl alcohol) for use as a solid mountant. AF100 is a solution of antifadents (anti bleaching agents) for use with CFPVOH when fading (bleaching) of specimens in a solid mountant is a problem.


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None of the antifadents is based on p-phenylenediamine. All solutions may be stored at room temperature.


Applications


Citifluor mountant media are proving of value in many areas of the Biological Sciences such as Plant Sciences, Limnology, Bacteriology, Histology, Immunochemistry, Neurology and Oceanography.


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They are used in many analysis techniques such as immunofluorescence, epifluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and total internal reflection microscopy (TIRF), as well as fluorescence hybridization (FISH) and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition coupled with FISH (CARD FISH).


Quality and Availability


We have been producing high quality antifadent solutions for minimizing Photobleaching both as hardening and non hardening mountants, for over 25 years for many clients world-wide: hospitals, research institutes, path labs, universities, medical centers and forensic labs. All our antifadent solutions/photobleaching solutions products are regularly tested and found to be of consistent high quality and mostly out-perform other commercial products in their anti-bleaching capacity. They are safe to handle, being of very low toxicity and non-irritant.


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