7 THE FUTURE OF CARS: BATTERY POWER


Developing Countries Poised to Lead the Biofuel Market


Development continues on solar cell design and car power supply requirements such as heater or air-conditioning fans.


High-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) cells located on top of the Sojourner vehicle generated 16 watts (NASA)


Text by Chuck Squatriglia


Malaysia, Thailand, Colombia, Uruguay and Ghana are poised to become the world leaders in biodiesel production, according to a new study. read more>>


The potential for bioenergy is quite large: 1,300 exajoules by 2050 maximum. The entire world currently consumes around 380 exajoules of fossil energy. This biodiesel study looks at the small potential today. You have to look at the real potential over time. And that is much, much, much larger.


www.blog.wired.com, posted October 2007 Cell conversion efficiency www.data360.org


0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0


Turbine in Your Tank: Wind-Powered Cars


petrol hydrogen


Fig 1: Comparison of hydrogen and petroleum in km/MJ (Km per megajoule)


Gasoline 20 gal 2015 Target Liquid H2


Chemical hydrides


Compressed 10,000 psi Metal hydrides


Compressed 5,000 psi


Fig 2: Relative volume needed for hydrogen storage to achieve > 300 mile range.


www.scienceray.com


“Cars are the perfect match for wind power,” says Shai Agassi, chief executive of Better, which is rolling out a network to build fully electric mass-market cars that run on lithium-ion batteries. “They charge sitting in the garage at night when there is little other demand for electricity.” www.blogs.wsj.com


p(u) 0.12


0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0


024 68 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 m/s


Fig 1: Example of Weibull distribution of wind force over a year. Note mean wind speed in this case is 7 m/s: very strong winds are rare. www.windpower.org


www.inventors.about.com


Solar cell technology 2004–2050 PV Solar Cell Efficiencies


40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0


59


Conversion efficiency %


2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028 2032 2036 2040 2044


2048 2050


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