3


FORCES ON MATERIALS 3.1 Vocabulary stress within words • prefixes


A Discuss these questions. 1 What materials do mechanical engineers commonly use? 2 Why do they use different materials for different purposes?


B Study the pictures on the opposite page. Answer the following questions using words from box a.


1 What material is each object made of? 2 Why is it made of that material?


C Put the words in box a into three groups. Explain your choice.


D Complete each sentence with a word or words from box a. Change the form if necessary (e.g., change singular to plural). Some words can be used more than once. 1 An


2 The tracks of a railway line must be 3 A hammer has only two


4 The parking places are shaded by a 5 Water pipes are often made of


in contact with water.


6 The roof is supported by several steel 7 Some modern guns are made from strong


not show up on airport X-ray machines. 8 A spring needs to be made from a


. which means they do and material.


E Study the words in box b. Find the prefix and try to work out the meaning in each case. b


deform debug


equilibrium equivalent


decelerate equidistant


internal overengineer uniaxial interior inner


overtighten uniform overheat


universal


F Complete each sentence with a word from box b. Change the form if necessary. 1 Most cars have an


combustion engine. 2 If a car crashes into a wall, the bumper or the bodywork is their machines.


4 If a machine vibrates badly, it means the components are not in 5 The front wheels of a vehicle are


.


3 A big difference between US and USSR space vehicles was that the USSR didn’t have microtechnology, so they had to


. : that is, they have the same axis.


is a mixture of metals. AlZnMgCu is used in aeroplane wings. .


: the handle and the head. roof.


because the metal does not oxidize


a


alloy aluminium beam belt bridge cantilever component copper ductile elastic flexible parallel plastic rigid rubber sheet spring steel wing wire


22


.


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