5C A sequence of events 1 Read the two extracts and underline the time markers.


a Rami finished technical college in 2000. The following year he got his first job in a small engineering company. Three years later the company went out of business and Rami lost his job.


b After Sonya had a baby daughter in 2004, she gave up work to care for her child. She went back to work part- time when her daughter started primary school, in 2009.


2


Rewrite the sentences as one sentence using the word in brackets.


a I took my driving theory test. Then I had driving lessons. (after)


b He was in his final year at university. He decided to become an actor. (when)


FOCUS Using time markers


When we write a sequence of events, we make the order of events clear in two ways. We use time phrases like the following year; two months later.


Example I completed my degree in 1999. The following year I did a Masters in Chemistry.


We use time clauses with when, before and after.


Examples I got a job in an export company after I left school. When I was at school, I took tennis lessons.


When sentences start with before, after or when, put a comma after the first clause. Example After my parents retired, they moved to a smaller house.


c My parents bought me a car. Then I went to university. (before) d I spent a year in Boston studying English. Then I got my first job with IBM. (after) e I was a child. I went to four different schools. (when) f I graduated from the School of Architecture. I did a work placement in a construction company. (before)


3


The British architect Norman Foster is famous for his steel and glass buildings. Write a paragraph about his early career. Use the information below.


Step 1 Draft your paragraph. Make sure you use past tense forms. Include time markers from the Focus box.


Step 2 Swap paragraphs and check each other’s work. Step 3 Update your paragraph.


Dates 1935


1952 Events


Born in Manchester, England Leaves school (aged 16)


1956–61 Studies at Manchester University, School of Architecture 1961–62 Does master’s degree, Yale University 1962 1963 1966 1999


Travels around USA


Sets up ‘Team 4’ in London, with three other architect friends Opens own office, Foster Associates (now Foster + Partners) Wins Pritzker Architecture Prize (aged 64)


The Gherkin, London 84 English for the 21st Century • Unit 5 Reichstag, Berlin Norman Foster Grammar


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