ADDITIVES | PROCESSING AIDS


combine the chemical properties of montan esters and classical oleo esters on a molecular level. They also combine in an ideal manner the application properties of montan esters including high thermal stability, low volatility, no blooming out and excellent release/anti-sticking, with those of oleo esters such as improved mould release.” The Voelpker bio-based series includes the


processing aid Cevo-process J-4418. This wax additive is 95% bio-based and is designed to provide flow improvement, faster part production, reduced injection moulding ejection force and improved dispersion. It is an organic ester wax based on renewable plant material (it is predominantly derived from acids and alcohols in the C26–C30 range) making it suitable for formulation of bio-based thermoplastic compounds. A particular advantage of Cevo-process J-4418 is its high effectiveness at low concentrations. Voelpker says that it is suitable for use as an


additive in a wide range of plastics applications, including release agent, flow improver, dispersing agent and cycle time reducer. Typical results achieved in injection moulding applications are said to include a 46% reduction in cycle time, 15% improvement in flow and up to 49% reduction in ejection force. Cevo-process J-4418 can be used in thermoplastics such as PA, TPU, PLA, PBT, PC, PVC and PS. Thermoset applications include epoxy resins, phenolic resins and polyurethane. It can also be used as a dispersing agent for colour masterbatches and mineral or glass fibre- reinforced plastics.


Moulding trials Voelpker says in a recent injection moulding study designed to demonstrate reduced cycle times and enhanced flow improvement, a number of PA6 matrices were investigated. Unmodified Durethan B 29 (Lanxess) was stabilised with Irgafos 168 (BASF) and Microtalc IT extra (from Mondo) added as a nucleating agent. Blank 1 (without nucleating agent) was tested as a control while the effect of adding Cevo-process J-4418 was compared against Waradur E, amide wax and calcium stearate.


In the applied experimental set-up, using


Figure 3: Structural elements and typical chemical characteristics of Waradur montan derivatives Source: Voelkper


standard tools and test specimens, the nucleating agent alone reduced cycle time by 7%. The 56% reduced cycle time compared to the Blank 1 control for the Waradur E sample is attributed to the proven dispersing effect of the wax, which leads to better distribution and effictiveness of the nucleating agent. Cevo-process J-4418 produced a similar cycle time reduction – 46% – and significantly outperformed both the amide wax and calcium stearate samples. Spiral Flow Number, defined as the flow length, was determined by injecting the molten resin into a


Table 1. Spiral flow injection moulding analysis of CEVO-process J-4418 processing aid compared to alternatives in PA6 resin. Test formulations. Matrix


PA 6 Durethan B 29-Irgafos 168 [0.2 wt.%] PA 6 Durethan B 29-Irgafos 168 [0.2 wt.%] PA 6 Durethan B 29-Irgafos 168 [0.2 wt.%]


PA 6 Durethan B 29-Irgafos 168 [0.2 wt.%] PA 6 Durethan B 29-Irgafos 168 [0.2 wt.%] PA 6 Durethan B 29-Irgafos 168 [0.2 wt.%] Source: Voelkper 64 COMPOUNDING WORLD | April 2019 www.compoundingworld.com


Additives –


Microtalc IT extra Microtalc IT extra


CEVO-process J-4418 Microtalc IT extra


WARADUR E


Microtalc IT extra Amide wax


Microtalc IT extra Ca-stearate


% –


0.2 0.2


0.5 0.2


0.5 0.2


0.5 0.2


0.5


Comments Blank 1


Blank 2, with nucleating agent Renewable long-chain ester wax


Montan ester wax Ethylenebisstearamide (EBS) Calcium saponified fatty acid


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