PESTS AND DISEASES MVX 1283MVX 1283
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
500 500 0 0
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 Days after casing
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 Days after casing
Compost Infection at spawning LSDLSD
Compost Infection at spawning
0.0001% 0.01% 1% Control
0.0001% 0.01% 1% Control
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
500 500 0 0
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 Days after casing
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 Days after casing
Figure 4. Mushroom yield from bulk handled Phase 3 compost that had been infected with MVX-1283 either at spawning or at the end of the spawn run during bulk handling. AbV6 was detected in mushrooms from all infected treatments.
1283 – INFECTION AT SPAWNING
1283 – INFECTION AT END OF SPAWN RUN
Control 0.0001% 0.01% 1% Marker lanes Control 0.0001% 0.01% 1% Marker lanes
Figure 5. MVX viruses detected in mushrooms from crops infected with different rates of MVX 1283 infected compost (0.0001%, 0.01% or 1%) at spawning or at the end of spawn run. Control is unin- fected. AbV6 RNA 2 indicated in red box.
delay and yield reductions, with little difference between them (Figure 4). ALL mushrooms tested positive for MVX (including AbV6) as detected by the full RNA extraction method at the time (Figure 5). No ‘patches’ occurred but localised crop delay can give the impression of a patch if adjacent areas are cropping normally. When the MVX-infected compost was added at the end of spawn run during bulk handling, there were no discernible symptoms or crop delay, but again, ALL the mushrooms were AbV6-positive. It is worth noting that in other trials where infection occurred at the end of spawn run or at casing time, symptoms occasio- nally developed, so there appeared to be more variability in symptom expression when infec- tion occurred later, but mushrooms always tested positive for AbV6, showing that trans- mission had occurred. Contrasting results were consistently obtained with the MVX 2735 strain (data not shown). With MVX 2735, the brown/beige mushroom symp- toms were generally absent when the infection occurred at the start of spawn run and were much more frequent when the infection occurred at end of spawn run or in the casing. Again, mushrooms from infected treatments not showing any symp- toms always tested positive for AbV16. Thus, AbV6 or AbV16 can be easily be present in a crop that displays NO symptoms, and can therefore be very easily transmitted when there are lapses in hygiene.
Figure 6. AbV6 virus visualised in MVX 1283 mycelium (left) and AbV16 visualised in MVX 1153 (right) using fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) from O’Conner et al (2020) (MVX 1153 is similar to MVX 2735).
22 MUSHROOM BUSINESS
Visualisation of AbV6 and AbV16 Research using advanced molecular and micro- scopic techniques finally visualised where AbV6 and AbV16 were located within the mycelium of A. bisporus, (O’Connor et al. 2020 https://doi.
MVX 1283MVX 1283 Compost Infection at end of spawn run
Compost Infection at end of spawn run LSDLSD
0.0001% 0.01% 1% Control
0.0001% 0.01% 1% Control
yield/plot yield/plot
yield/plot yield/plot
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