PHOTO: KONSTANTIN KOLOSOV


What can contribute to a higher adsorption affinity of YCW?


Organic absorber-yeast cell wall-have totally different mechanism and features than inorganic clay minerals on mycotoxin management. It’s proved an effective supplement to expanding absorbing spectrum of various inorganic absorbers.


BY LI HAN, RESEARCHER OF ANGEL YEAST ANIMAL NUTRITION D


eveloping optimally efficient adsorbents is usually a challenge for animal nutritionist because of the various types of mycotoxins, as well as adsorbent materials. The most concerning mycotoxins to


human health and livestock are aflatoxins, ochratoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), T-2/HT-2 toxins, zearalenone, and fumonisins. Among them, the contamination of aflatoxins can easily be tackled by using mineral absorbents including aluminosilicates, diatomite, and sepiolite, or activated carbons. However, these compounds are relatively ineffective toward other mycotoxins including ZEN, DON and OTA. Also, the binding between inorganic sorbents and mycotox- ins is demonstrated to be not robust and easy to dissociate in the acidic environment of GI tract and requires high levels of incorporation to achieve efficiency. Which, in turn, will impact the bioavailability of minerals and trace elements in feed and raise the risk of dioxins and heavy metals. In the last decade, other types of binders have been studied. Among them, organic compounds of yeast origin have been proposed as an alternative solution because of its natural advantage on these aspects.


Table 1 -The difference of adsorption affinity between brewer’s yeast and yeast cell wall.


Mycotoxins ZEN


AFB1 T-2 FB


OTA Source: Angel Yeast, 2018 70 ▶ MYCOTOXINS | NOVEMBER 2021


Brewer Yeast 37.14 32.24 0 0


24.11


YeaMOS (yeast cell wall) 57.50 32.49 21.21 59.37 19.31


Absorbing affinity Many previous studies have confirmed the absorption affinity of intact yeast cells or yeast cell wall fractions on mycotoxins. And, according to our study, the extracted cell wall fractions of yeast have higher absorbing affinity than brewer yeast which contains intact yeast cells (Table 1). The same result been observed in the study of Piotrowska et al in 2015 (Table 2), who compared different yeast and yeast extract fractions on OTA absorption. The addition of yeast cell walls to feed can help to reduce aflatoxin residues in milk. Besides reducing aflatoxin residues in milk, yeast cell wall fractions have a higher adsorption affinity for ZEN, DON and OTA. Furthermore, the binding between yeast cell wall and mycotoxins does not dissociate in a low pH environment. Those differences in the absorbing spectrum and dissociating rate is because of the different mechanism of action. Inorganic clays bind mycotoxins as the presence of hydroxyl or carbonyl groups that allow ionic interactions.


Van der Waals bonds For yeast cell wall, β-D-glucans are the critical component re- sponsible for the complexation of mycotoxins, and that the reticular organization of β-D-glucans and the distribution be- tween β-(1,3)- D-glucans and β-(1,6)-D-glucans play a major role in the efficacy. Weak hydrogen and van der Waals bonds are involved in the complexation of mycotoxins by β-D-glu- cans, thus indicating that the chemical interaction is more of “adsorption type” than “binding type”.


Controlling the production process When compared to inorganic absorbers, the yeast cell wall has a lower impact on feed nutrients, such as vitamins B1 and B2. However, many studies have demonstrated that dietary addition of yeast cell wall could provide comprehensive ben- efits on stimulating immunity, protecting intestinal health, as well as production performance.


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