and a direct toxic effect. Consequently, waste metabolites leak back into the bloodstream and the filtration of blood is compromised. Uric acid is an example of such a metabolite that can be measured in blood samples. In general, oxidative stress in epithelial cells, liver or kidney cells is quantified by the blood level of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. These endogenous enzymes reduce and convert free radicals in the targeted organ cells.
Loss in animal productivity All the above-mentioned parameters are called biomarkers, because they are biochemicals or animal cells that tell us something about the health status of the animal. In the con- text of mycotoxins, these parameters enable us to investigate the subclinical signs of mycotoxicosis deeply and thoroughly. All mycotoxins have their specific effect, next to impairing the gut barrier and modulating the immune system. For example, zearalenone targets the reproductive tract, aflatoxin is more
hepatotoxic, whereas deoxynivalenol (DON) is called vomi- toxin for obvious reasons. As these mycotoxins co-occur in naturally contaminated feed, their effects will add up syner- gistically to losses in animal productivity. In dairy cows, myco- toxins result in lower milk production and milk quality. In re- productive animals, like sows and broiler breeders, they induce problems with fertility. In young animals, such as broilers or piglets, mycotoxins result in poor performance.
Leaky gut showing blunt ended villi, villi fusion, debris in the lumen and more space between the intestinal cells.
Counteract the effect on animal health Prevention is key to protect your animals against the effects of mycotoxins. The most effective strategy is to add an anti- mycotoxin additive in the feed. At Impextraco, we developed Elitox based on numerous in vivo trials. With the use of biomarkers we could evaluate the product and study it’s broad-spectrum mode of action. Thanks to its specific composition, Elitox contains multiple tools to prevent the effects of any mycotoxicosis. Firstly Elitox will bind and detoxify mycotoxins in the lumen, to prevent them from causing harm to the gut barrier and change the immune response. Secondly, Elitox contains ingredients that work together in balancing the immune response, strengthening the gut barrier and protecting the vital organs based on their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is essential to have multiple strategies that act complementary because binding and detoxification will never be 100%. This implies that every mycotoxin that escapes, causes harm to the animal. It is well known that DON cannot be bound, so counteracting its effect relies mainly on detoxification and strengthening the gut barrier. In conclusion, preventing mycotoxicosis requires multiple strategies to be successful against a broad range of mycotoxins.
▶ MYCOTOXINS | NOVEMBER 2021 45
PHOTO: IMPEXTRACO
PHOTO: IMPEXTRACO
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