Gilts are more susceptible than sows to oxidative stress caused by the mycotoxins DON and BEA.


BEA, and this negative impact was even more prominent at concentrations of 2.5 or 5.0 µmol/L. In contrast, BEA did not affect the maturation of sow oocytes at the tested concentra- tions when compared to the control. Likewise, the degenera- tion rate of gilt oocytes significantly increased in the presence of BEA regardless of the tested concentration, while BEA did not significantly alter the degeneration of sow oocytes. For both maturation and degeneration rates, there was a signifi- cant linear effect with an increase of the BEA concentration in the maturation medium (Figure 2).


DON and BEA more toxic to gilts In conclusion, oocytes from gilts are more susceptible to the toxic effects of DON and BEA when compared to oocytes from sows. This effect is observed when immature oocytes start their maturation. Additionally, the redox balance in sows is better controlled that in gilt oocytes and are mostly related to


the imbalance of SOD and GSH in oocytes. Both DON and BEA do not affect cell viability solely via the stimulation of oxidative stress, but their negative impact will be potentiated in cells that cannot properly scavenge metabolic products like ROS. The tested exposure levels of DON in the present study are like those detected in porcine plasma level in pigs chronically exposed to DON which may reach 0.09 µmol/L. The detection of BEA in biological samples is a complex process because this mycotoxin is present in these animals’ diets at far lower concentrations of DON and is rapidly metabolised to a range of yet uncharacterised derivatives. However, for both mycotoxins, it should be advised that special attention is given to gilts’ dietary contamination.


The study was performed under the supervision of Dr. Bernard Roelen. Eric J. Schoevers † work was completed.


Figure 2 - Mean rates of oocyte maturation and degeneration of porcine in vitro matured in the absence (control) or in the presence of BEA at different concentrations (0.5, 2.5 or 5.0 µmol/L). c


100


Gilt Sow


80 60 b 40 20 a 0 Control 0.5 2.5 a 5.0 40 b 20 a 0 a Control a 0.5 2.5 5.0 ▶ MYCOTOXINS | NOVEMBER 2021 a a cd cd d cd c 60 100


Gilt Sow


80 c passed away before publication of this


This study ‘Susceptibility of Oocytes from Gilts and Sows to Beauvericin and Deoxynivalenol and Its


Relationship with Oxidative Stress’ was published in the journal Toxins and is available as an open access publication.


29


PHOTO: MAXPIXEL’S CONTRIBUTORS % maturation


% degeneration


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