SPECTROSCOPY
T e backscatter elimination cup blocks backscatter from the sample holder.
INSTRUMENT T e Rigaku ZSX Primus and ZSX Primus IV instruments are fl oor- standing sequential wavelength dispersive X-ray fl uorescence (WDXRF) spectrometers, which have advantages in high spectral resolution and high sensitivity from light to heavy elements. T e instruments are designed to off er fl exibility and versatility for a wide range of applications. T e spectrometers referenced here are equipped with an Rh target X-ray tube. T e maximum tube power is 4kW for the spectrometers. Up to 10 analysing crystals can deliver rapid quantitative determination of major and minor atomic elements, from beryllium (Be) to uranium (U). Instrument control software
provides users with easy operation. T e fl owbar system fully supports setup of qualitative and quantitative analysis. T e ZSX Primus IV spectrometer was used for measurement in this example. T e measurement conditions are shown in Table 1.
Ci : certifi ed value of standard sample Cˆ i : calculated value of standard sample n : number of standard samples m : degree of freedom (2: linear, 3: quadratic).
TABLE 1. Table shows the measurement conditions
ANALYSIS RESULTS Calibration curves of boron and fl uorine in water using the Ultra Carry method were generated. T e calibration summary is shown below.
T e accuracy of calibration was calculated by the following formula:
Accuracy =
CONCLUSIONS T e results show that the Ultra Carry fi lter paper is applicable to boron and fl uorine analysis in water. T e LLD of boron and fl uorine in water is 8.4 ppm and 0.4 ppm respectively. Since the water solution is dried on Ultra Carry, samples can be measured under vacuum, enabling analysis of elements from boron to uranium without the need of helium gas. Ultra Carry also facilitates analysis of trace elements lower than 0.1 ppm, or at ppb level, in water solution. Since sample preparation is very simple, it is possible to reduce analytical error derived from sample handling and also shorten the total analysis time.
Michael Nelson is with Rigaku.
www.rigaku.com
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3D Raman image of a pharmaceutical ointment. 3D Raman Imaging Raman • AFM • SNOM • MADE IN GERMANY
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Let your discoveries lead the scientifi c future. Like no other system, WITec’s confocal 3D Raman microscopes allow for cutting-edge chemical imaging and correlative microscopy with AFM, SNOM, SEM or Profi lometry. Discuss your ideas with us at
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