GAS ANALYSIS FOR CCS – FOCUS ON AUSTRALIA
Hydrogen has recently received the essential worldwide recognition required for decarbonisation to combat climate change resulted from greenhouse gas emissions. We will soon see a similarly high level of recognition for the complementary role that carbon capture and storage (CCS) can play.
There are 26 operating CCS schemes worldwide. Many are related to enhanced oil recovery in the United States and Canada. Several more exist in Europe and the APAC region. In the next decade, this number is likely to increase ten-fold to become 300 schemes or more.
It is becoming clear that CCS will have a central role to play in securing the mid-century target of ‘net-zero’ carbon dioxide emissions to which many nations aspire.
As the torchbearer for CCS in the APAC region, Australia, home to the Global CCS Institute, has long been a pioneer of the technology. Operating from Barrow Island off the western coast of Australia, the Gorgon CCS scheme is one of the world’s largest. It has a nameplate capacity to capture and store 4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2
) each year and is linked to the production
of liquefi ed natural gas (LNG) from the Gorgon and Jansz-Io gas fi elds. The distribution of LNG via ocean-going tankers to Asia export markets must take place in the absence of CO2 CCS project separates the CO2
. The from the methane and injects it
underground for permanent storage. The methane is liquefi ed and loaded onto ships as LNG.
Challenges and Opportunities
CCS presents challenges and opportunities to industrial gases companies. Process equipment required to operate CCS schemes, such as gas separation systems. High-pressure gas compression trains and distribution pipelines will need to be constructed and operated as new projects are confi rmed. These technologies are in the sweet spot of industrial gases expertise and are potential business opportunities.
On the other hand, through the operation of steam methane reformers (SMRs) and gasifi cation plants to produce syngas and hydrogen, industrial gases companies face a challenge to decarbonise. As they look upstream in the value chain, they will also see that much of the power consumed by their ASUs to perform the cryogenic separation of air into oxygen, nitrogen, and
argon is derived from fossil fuel combustion with signifi cant CO2 emissions. That power generation will also need to decarbonise, perhaps through the application of CCS or with a transition to renewable energies.
Decarbonisation of Hydrogen Exports
The Hydrogen Energy Supply Chain (HESC) project will demonstrate the viability of ocean shipments of liquid hydrogen from Australia to Japan. It will open the door to full-scale energy exports of low-carbon hydrogen.
At this early stage of the project, hydrogen gas is produced from the gasifi cation of brown coal at a pilot plant in the Latrobe Valley in the Australian state of Victoria. Gasifi cation involves reacting coal with oxygen at a high temperature to produce Syngas which contains, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. This gas mixture is further purifi ed to yield the desired hydrogen. The result is a high purity, low-cost hydrogen gas that can be cryogenically cooled to form liquid hydrogen for effi cient long- distance transportation.
The ‘brown’ hydrogen produced in this gasifi cation process is generated from coal. For every tonne of hydrogen produced on this pilot reactor, 12 tonnes of CO2
are produced. When
Copyright ABB - Process Gas Chromatograph for pipeline gas monitoring
Gas pipeline fl ow and purity monitoring station
AET ANNUAL BUYERS’ GUIDE 2021
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