10 Gas Detection TALKING POINT Gas fl aring in Nigeria wastes colossal amount of energy
Nigeria, Africa’s largest oil producer, faces a paradoxical situation where vast amounts of natural gas, which could signifi cantly alleviate the country’s energy shortages, are being wasted through fl aring. In the fi rst half of 2024 alone, an estimated 148.7 million standard cubic feet of gas were fl ared, according to the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA). This amount of wasted gas has the potential to generate approximately 3,401.83 megawatts (MW) of electricity, enough to power over 3.4 million households.
The fl aring of gas not only represents a signifi cant loss of potential energy resources but also a substantial economic loss. The value of the gas fl ared in the fi rst six months of 2024 was estimated at around $360 million, a fi gure that could have provided much-needed relief to Nigeria’s ongoing foreign exchange woes. Nigeria has been grappling with a severe foreign exchange shortage, exacerbated by economic challenges, including infl ation and a depreciating naira.
Moreover, the environmental and public health impact of gas fl aring is profound. The release of methane and other harmful gases contributes signifi cantly to environmental degradation and global warming. Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, has a global warming potential many times greater than carbon dioxide, making the reduction of gas fl aring an urgent environmental priority.
Nigeria’s power generation capacity is a fraction of what is needed to meet the country’s energy demands. With an installed capacity of about 13,014 MW and an operational capacity of approximately 4,000 MW, the country faces frequent blackouts and power shortages. Over 100 million Nigerians lack access to electricity, and more than 75% of the population does not have access to clean cooking energy, highlighting the severe energy poverty in the country.
The ineffi ciencies in the power sector are further underscored by the frequent collapses of the national electricity grid, which has failed multiple times in 2024 alone. These challenges are compounded by the underutilization of Nigeria’s vast natural gas resources, which could otherwise be harnessed to generate electricity and reduce the frequency of blackouts.
Experts emphasize the need for Nigeria to shift towards gas commercialization as a means to mitigate the losses from fl aring. By investing in infrastructure and revising regulatory frameworks, Nigeria could convert fl ared gas into valuable energy resources. The development of fl oating liquefi ed natural gas (FLNG) facilities and modular processing plants at well sites are among the suggested strategies to capture and utilize fl ared gas. These facilities would not only reduce fl aring but also create profi table clusters that could drive economic growth.
Additionally, deregulating gas prices could incentivize operators to commercialize the gas instead of fl aring it. This approach would align the economic interests of operators with environmental goals, reducing the environmental impact while boosting energy production. The implementation of the Petroleum Industry Act and other regulatory reforms are crucial in achieving these objectives.
Nigeria’s gas fl aring issue represents both a signifi cant challenge and an opportunity. By addressing the ineffi ciencies in gas utilization and implementing robust commercialization strategies, Nigeria could transform its energy sector, reduce environmental degradation, and provide electricity to millions of its citizens.
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IET SEPTEMBER / OCTOBER 2024
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