“Rapid changes in price, such as the halving of the oil benchmark between 2014 and 2015, naturally bring into focus the need for oil companies and their suppliers to reduce costs to maintain viable returns,” Paul Markwell, vice president of upstream oil and gas consulting and re- search at IHS Energy, said in a statement. “Technology helps on two fronts,” he said. “The first is in raising short-term production, the key denominator in the cost-per-barrel equation. The other involves attacking capital costs and op- erating expenses head on. Both place an emphasis on efficiency.” Makers of cutting tools are looking to keep improving their offerings even while one of the drivers of their busi- ness—oil exploration—slackens. That means confronting various
issues. Tougher Materials
First, materials. “In general we can say: the tougher the material, the more difficult the machining, as the chemical makeup of the material creates higher cutting forces,” said Sandvik Coromant’s Winter. “For example, with chip control, you might get long stringy chips wrapping around the parts and tools,” he said. “High cutting speeds can cause sud- den chipping, fracture of the cutting edge and built-up edge. Some alloys also work-harden easily, leading to diffusion-type wear and subsequently to excessive burr formations that make following operations more difficult.” Added Tungaloy’s Essex: “Customers come to us to help them solve manu- facturing problems in processing difficult materials and we have to make sure our products provide those solutions. “Competition in the market requires that we stay on the leading edge,” he said. “Our focus is on developing new grades and geometries for accelerated machining.”
Chip Control The second issue to contront is evacuating chips result-
ing from cutting. “Turning encompasses both internal and external machining scenarios,” said Kyocera’s Jenkins. “In
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April 2016 |
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