| DERMATOLOGY | PEER-REVIEW
explored, however, their effectiveness on the skin remains controversial5,32
, again due to the reduced
bioavailability of the vitamin at sufficiently high concentrations in the skin. Continuous efforts are being made to research into
other benefits of vitamin C and these include the effects of vitamin C on hair growth, wound healing, smoking- related skin ageing, scars, and striae51–55
.
Conclusion Vitamin C is one the most powerful antioxidants in the skin. Due to its antioxidant, neocollagenesis and skin lightening properties, its clinical applications range from photoprotection, anti-ageing, and anti-pigmentation. With an excellent safety profile, it has become a popular cosmeceutical agent. However, clinical studies on the efficacy of vitamin C remain limited and the challenge lies in finding the most stable and permeable formulation in achieving the optimal results.
Declaration of interest None
38. Oresajo C, Stephens T, Hino PD, et al. Protective effects of a topical antioxidant mixture containing vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin against ultraviolet-induced photodamage in human skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2008;7:290-7
39. Sauermann K, Jaspers S, Koop U, Wenck H. Topically applied vitamin C increases the density of dermal papillae in aged human skin. BMC Dermatol. 2004;4(1):13
40. Lin JY, Selim MA, Shea CR, et al. UV photoprotection by combination topical antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48:866-74
41. Lin FH, Lin JY, Gupta RD, et al. Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 125:826-32
42. Ando H, Kondoh H, Ichihashi M, et al. Approaches to identify inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis via the quality control of tyrosinase. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127: 751-61
43. Kameyama K, Sakai C, Kondoh S, et al. Inhibitory effect of magnesium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate (VC-PMG) on melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996; 34: 29-33
44. Hwang SW, Oh DJ, Lee D, Kim JW, Park SW. Clinical efficacy of 5% L-ascorbic acid (C’ensil) in the treatment of melasma. J Cutan Med Surg. 2009 Mar-Apr;13(2):74-81
45. Espinal-Perez LE, Moncada B, Castanedo-Cazares JP. A double- blind randomized trial of 5% ascorbic acid vs. 4% hydroquinone in melasma. Int J Dermatol. 2004 Aug;43(8):604-7
46. Belhadjali H, Giordano-Labadie F, Bazex J. Contact dermatitis from vitamin C in cosmetic anti-aging cream. Contact Dermatitis. 2001 Nov;45(5):317
47. Swinnen I, Goossens A. Allergic
contact dermatitis caused by ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate. Contact Dermatitis. 2011 Apr;64(4):241-2
48. Swinnen I, Goossens A. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate. Contact Dermatitis. 2011 Apr;64(4):241-2
49. Lee WR, Shen SC, Kuo-Hsien W, Hu CH, Fang JY. Lasers and microdermabrasion enhance and control topical delivery of vitamin C. J Invest Dermatol 2003;121(5):1118-25
50. Ebihara M, Akiyama M, Ohnishi Y, Tajima S, Komata K, Mitsui Y. Iontophoresis promotes percutaneous absorbtion of L-ascorbic acid in rat skin. J Dermat Sci 2003;32:217-22
51. Sung YK, Hwang SY, Cha SY, et al. The hair growth promoting effect of ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, a long-acting Vitamin C derivative. J Dermatol Sci. 2006 Feb;41(2):150-2
52. Kwack MH, Shin SH, Kim SR, et al. I-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate promotes elongation of hair shafts via the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 from dermal papilla cells through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Br J Dermatol. 2009 Jun;160(6):1157-62
53. Jagetia GC, Rajanikant GK, Mallikarjun Rao KV. Ascorbic acid increases healing of excision wounds of mice whole body exposed to different doses of gamma-radiation. Burns. 2007 Jun;33(4):484-94
54. Findik RB, Hascelik NK, Akin KO, Unluer AN, Karakaya J. Striae gravidarum, vitamin C and other related factors. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2011 Jan;81(1):43-8
55. Yun IS, Yoo HS, Kim YO, Rah DK. Improved scar appearance with combined use of silicone gel and vitamin C for Asian patients: a comparative case
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