Transition Year Maths
Let us consider a question where a complex number appears: Example 1:
Case (i) Real solutions
A farmer has 100 m of fence to surround a small vegetable plot. The farmer wants to enclose a rectangular area of 400 m2
. How long and wide should it be?
x = length y = width
2 length + 2 width = 100 m 2x x
+ 2y + y y
∴ length = x width = 50 – x
The area = length by width 400 = x (50 – x) 400 = 50x – x2 x2
–50x + 400 = 0
Solve this equation using the formula for quadratic equations. a = 1, b = –50, c = +400
––4 2
bb ac a
± 2
= 0 2500 1600 2
5 ± – = ±
50 30 2
So the length can be 40 m or 10 m. Check this works: 40 + 40 + 10 + 10 = 100 and 40 × 10 = 400
= 100 = 50
= 50 – x 50 – x x
Rafael Bombelli: Italian mathematician, (1526–1572) Bombelli was the first mathematician to successfully deal with the problem of the square root of minus numbers. Before he introduced the letter i for the square root of minus one, these numbers were simply ignored. His book, Algebra, is one of the most remarkable achievements of sixteenth-century mathematics. He discovered complex numbers. The lunar crater ‘Bombelli’ is named after him.
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