dition! Images from the Sikuliaq cruise compared plankton samples before and during El Niño. To show how scientists cope with the realities of being at sea — such as 24-hour- every-day data collection, cramped quarters, and galley food — the exhibit included little snacks and games that they bring along to help them stay comfort- able (and sane). One of Brice’s students, Angelee Castro, said she was impressed by “the way they kept themselves detail- oriented and focused while in unstable conditions such as the sea.” “I’m very fascinated in oceanography and Mrs. Brice’s field trips and guest speakers have piqued my interest in these fields.” said another classmate, Hayden Yantha. After the ship-to-shore
call, the San Marcos Middle School students moved to a classroom bungalow, next to the aquarium’s shark tank, for a face-to-face with Scripps scientists. They hit it off with researcher Damien Leloup, whose French accent and enthusiasm for underwater study bring to mind the most famous ambassador of oceanog- raphy, Jacques Cousteau.
Leloup is spearheading Scripps’ new Center for Marine Archeology — a discipline dedicated, basi- cally, to finding and study- ing shipwrecks. “Not only that, but also studying past human interaction with the sea, vessel structures, and submerged settlements from when the oceans were lower,” Leloup added. His current work, in col- laboration with an interna- tional team, focuses on trac- ing the ancient Maritime Silk Road. When he met with the eighth-graders in May, he told them his next diving expedition would be to a group of small islands off the coast of Vietnam. Originating in China and bringing goods west like its overland counterpart, one leg of the Maritime Silk Road sailed down the coast to the South China Sea, hugged the seaboard of Vietnam, connected to India, went on to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and reached the Mediter- ranean overland. Estimates date the maritime route to the first century AD. It gained popularity during the Han Dynasty in the sec- ond century, and eventually the sea became favorable because ships could carry more goods and transport
them more safely than overland caravans. Chi- nese charts from 700 AD show the Chàm Islands, off the coast of Vietnam, where ancient seafarers found anchorage facilities and fresh water. Voyagers took shelter from storms in the calm-looking har- bor, only to find that the storms followed them. Over the years, shipwrecks left behind their cargo: the sunken “treasure” marine archaeologists now hope to find. Leloup and his crew headed there in June. The government and academia of Vietnam, as well as Finders and Monash universities in Australia, have been active in identi- fying and recording mari- time archaeology sites. A new Centre for Underwater Archeology is in the works near Hoi An, on the main- land a half-hour’s speed- boat ride from the Chàm Islands. Mrs. Brice’s stu- dents now follow the Viet- nam Maritime Archeology Project on Facebook. While Leloup was ship-
wreck diving, the students arranged another Skype call with him in their San Mar- cos classroom. The “prin- cipal had just purchased a very high quality HD camera and video-confer-
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had to get to school by 7 a.m. so they could con- nect with Damien and his research team at 8 p.m. in Vietnam. After dinner one night, Leloup and two other scientists sat down to chat with the students about exploring a shipwreck using a remote operated vehicle. “They loved it…” said
Brice. “They asked about the value of the porcelain and stoneware artifacts to understanding of the sites,” she said of her students. “‘How were the artifacts processed?,’ for example. ‘Why do you need to put them through a series of water baths, not just take them out of the ocean and let them dry?’... “We spoke for almost an
hour and they would have talked longer but the bell rang and they had to go to class.” The Chàm Islands trip marked the first deploy- ment of RYGH, the newest addition to the Scripps remote operated vehicle family. Named for the daughter of a major donor, RYGH was built in San Diego by SeaBotix
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Teledyne, in conjunction with U.S. Navy needs. The vehicle allows operators to explore at depths up to 1000 feet — much farther down than scuba gear can safely get a human. The stu- dents had built a remote- operated vehicle of their own in Brice’s after-school underwater robotics club, so they could talk shop with Leloup. With tips from fisher-
men who get ceramics caught in their nets or dive for lobsters and spy pottery scattered on the seafloor, Damien and the team searched the waters around the Chàm Islands for new shipwreck sites. They talked with a local who found a piece of Changsha ceram- ics, from Hunan Province in southeastern China, dat- ing back to the seventh or eighth century. Many of the findings date to Song Dynasty in China, from 960–1279 AD. At a previously known
site called “Bai Ong,” named for a popular beach, the team recorded over a hundred pot shards rang- ing in age from hundreds to thousands of years old. RYGH also allowed them to map the area by film- ing, so researchers can study details of the wreck
without disturbing it. Div- ers brought up a select few pieces submerged in three to sixty feet of water, some estimated to be 2000 years old. The Management Board for Cultural Sites permitted Leloup to borrow a few of the retrieved items for conservation, study, and possible display at Birch. But manmade artifacts
were not all the vehicle cap- tured on camera. RYGH sent back pictures from the depths that showed thriving specimens of sea life thought to be fished out or gone from those waters. Leloup said that his Viet- namese colleagues were glued to the screen trying to catch a glimpse of what was down there: soft corals, gor- gonians, nudibranchs, what seemed to be black coral, angelfish, crustaceans, and more. A series of photos
and captions describing Leloup’s work went up on a wall at the aquarium in June. Helling has invited the San Marcos students back so they can provide input on the display. Brice’s 2016–2017 pupils
are on the list for a tour of the Sally Ride, which arrived in San Diego August 26.
— Leorah Gavidor ■
30 San Diego Reader September 1, 2016
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