still have to assess any CONOPS and TTPs for their efficacy amongst the Marines. A whole cadre of Marines will then have to be trained in these procedures, doctrine will have to be developed, specialists found, as well as leaders. The whole DOTMLPF! The million dollar question is where do these people come from? Are they volunteers, in which case will there be enough of them; are they suborned, in which case what will the quality be like; or are they recruited, and at what cost? “We will both train existing staff and start recruiting new,” said Captain Corrêa. “When we first studied the subject of CBRN,” he continued, “we realised that we needed to develop the capability and the formation for the people – the education to study, from basic to advanced. So we started to put them in layers, and the basics we are doing in the Navy. We have a naval school and the fleet go there for a course. We are looking for people inside the Navy, not someone from outside to come into the Navy and just do CBRN. We will follow the same model that we have for the naval engineers.” In terms of the training, Commander Velloso suggested that while they needed to bring in some elements, there were existing naval assets: “The army does have some expertise, but we also have some expertise in bio-security, because the lab of our naval hospital has some experience in bio-security. We are not in terms of operationalizing this knowledge, but we have some bio- security experts who are setting up the capability. We have people that have attended the army course and we have sent people there for a long time. We prepared our own course, and had our class evaluated last year. These teachers will be responsible for spreading the knowledge.” In terms of radiological capability, Captain Corrêa suggested that they would get a great deal of help from the well-respected Institute of Radiology and Dosimetery (IRD), as well as the Nuclear Federal Commission. Yet what is the threat that the Marines are preparing for? Many Nato nations have the legacy of the Cold War that they can take into deployed operations against other possessor states – such as Iraq (or suspected possessors such as Libya, Syria, Iran and North Korea). Yet, while Brazil does the occasional deployed operation, such as their Lebanon support op, the South Americans tend to keep to themselves. The chance of internecine warfare amongst the countries is low, and none of their neighbours are suspected of possessing CBRN… So is it just the terrorist threat that they need to prepare for? If that is the case, it frees up a lot of the higher challenge levels and makes the choice of threat agent easier. Captain Corrêa suggested that they were still deciding on the exact list: “This approach is based around the protection of facilities, so the focus point is on the facility and the people. Last year we received an invitation to work on the World Military Games (see CBRNe World Autumn, 2011 Ed.) and gained our first understanding of this subject. Since then we have been working on the doctrine. In terms of operational and security doctrine, we will focus on two different areas: defence and security.
www.cbrneworld.com CBRNe South America 2012, 13-14 March, Rio De Janeiro
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