Sir Henry Morgan, the most famous


of the Caribbean buccaneers, was so incensed when labeled a pirate that he sued publishers for libel—and won. One of his former crewmembers had written The Buccaneers of America in 1684. Morgan denied he was a pirate and insisted he had acted on behalf of his government. The publisher agreed to pay him $200 and to print apologies in future editions. Morgan went on to be governor of Jamaica and died a wealthy planter.


George Vancouver, who would later


make his own mark as an explorer, was only 15 years old when he sailed on the Resolution with Captain James Cook on Cook’s second voyage in June 1772.


George Vancouver sailed with


Captain James Cook on Cook’s second and third voyages, and was promoted captain in 1794. He did survey work in Australia and New Zealand, but he’s best known for the extent and precision of his survey of the Pacific coast of North America, from San Francisco to southern Alaska.


MARITIME TRIVIA When the Hawaiians killed Captain


BY BRYAN HENRY


James Cook in 1779, they prepared his body as they would their own revered chief, removing the flesh from the bones before burial.


Captain James Cook named Cape


Foulweather in Oregon in 1778. Captain James Cook’s barque,


the HMS Endeavour, was originally a collier built in 1764 and named Earl of Pembroke.


The rigging and sails of Columbus’


ship, the Santa Maria, were of virtually the same pattern as those of the Mayflower.


John Paul Jones, great American


naval hero, in 1788 entered the Russian navy and as rear-admiral of the Black Sea fleet fought in the Russo-Turkish war of 1788-1789.


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Lowtide The letters F and Y inscribed on the


banners of Columbus were the initials of Ferdinand and Ysabella, the sovereigns under whose auspices the navigator sailed. In Old Spanish, I and Y were interchangeable, and the queen’s name was correct either Isabella or Ysabella.


The Pacific Ocean was named


by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. He found it so calm that he named it from the Latin pacificus, meaning peaceful.


The Arctic explorer Sir John Franklin


joined the navy at 14 and was present at the Battles of Copenhagen (1801) and Trafalgar (1805). Knighted in 1829, he became governor of Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania). Later commanding an expedition to discover the Northwest Passage, his ships were overwhelmed by thick ice and he and his crew died.


American captain Robert Gray was


the first person to enter into the Columbia River in May 1792. He named the river for his ship, the Columbia.


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