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War machines Walker—a former banker and military man—has brought a different set of skills to his wife’s family and is in the finishing stages of a PhD on challenges to the deployment of autonomous weapons. This has led to one of the more intriguing branches of J Leon’s philanthropy: the family campaigns to ensure “meaningful human control in the kill chain”. What sounds like an 1980s sci-fi flick—


The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots—is now an important movement co-founded by NGO Human Rights Watch (HRW), which aims to prevent a grim reality lurking on the horizon of future warfare. J Leon, alongside the likes of Elon Musk and Alphabet’s Mustafa Suleyman, helps fund HRW and other charities involved in the movement, whose work includes lobbying the United Nations. “We are campaigning to ensure you


cannot give the decision to kill to an algorithm,” Walker says. “You must have a human somewhere


saying, yes, that is a legitimate target.” The problems with delegating morally


WE ARE CAMPAIGNING TO ENSURE YOU CANNOT GIVE THE DECISION TO KILL TO AN ALGORITHM. YOU MUST HAVE A HUMAN SOMEWHERE SAYING, YES, THAT IS A LEGITIMATE TARGET


ISSUE 74 | 2018


like British Future, which addresses hopes and fears around migration, integration, and opportunity. “We generally like to be on the advocacy


side, rather than the service side,” Walker explains. “We can take on risk at the council. It


is much more important to us to try and give everybody in the room the chance to get a pair of boots, rather than giving just [one person] a pair of boots but there is no chance of anyone else getting them.” Advocacy-style philanthropy is harder


to quantify, but the strategy is based on building trusted relationships with top-tier managers and organisations—much like their investment portfolio. The family is also unusual in that the funding they give is unrestricted, long-term, and they do not burden the organisations with arduous requests for reporting.


complex life and death decisions to autonomous machines are numerous, Walker explains. This is compounded by the breakneck pace of change and by the Geneva Convention (the international rules that govern armed conflict) being ill-equipped to address them. “If I’m going to engage you as a target,


I have to be sure under the Geneva Conventions that you are running at me, not with a stick, but armed with a Kalashnikov in your hands. I must be able to distinguish you are a legitimate target. And that you are not hors de combat (out of action),” Walker says, during our interview at J Leon’s Hampstead offices. “Secondly, my response needs to be


proportional. Just because you’re running at me, I can’t then take out the whole of North West London. There is also a test of military necessity, so I can’t just take you out on a whim. There has got to be a strategic military narrative around why I’m doing it.”


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