Safety at sea
identify risky patterns and present these insights to fleet managers. Raviv believes that, as such technology proves its worth, a technological revolution will happen in the shipping sector. “The entire supply chain is undergoing one of the biggest technology transitions: the data revolution,” he says. “As [each of the parts of the supply chain] use more data, AI will be able to analyse this data and generate insights – both on board and [at] the fleet level – translating into a safer, more efficient and sustainable industry.”
“In the upcoming years, we will see more adoption of AI technologies in our everyday lives and shipping is no different,” he adds. “Since 75% of incidents at sea occur due to human error, AI will play a major role in helping seafarers gain processed information and reduce the workload.” Crews use Orca AI to improve their communication with shore management teams, and the system has become part of daily operations for many clients. It effectively enhances their perceptibility in low-visibility conditions and assists them in analysing complex situations. In fact, clients with ships using Orca AI’s O1 system have reported a decrease in near misses compared with other vessels of the same type and operation areas. These successes have encouraged the industry to adopt data-driven solutions faster than ever before, though bringing cutting-edge, reliable technology into the harsh marine environment remains a challenge. However, with improvements in ship-to- shore communication and the adoption of data- driven tools for fleet management, AI is likely to play an increasing role in enhancing the entire supply chain.
A framework for the future The UK is taking the lead in providing autonomous technology, system assurance and maritime services to autonomous ships entering its ports. In 2021, the first ever unmanned marine systems certificate was awarded to SEA-KIT International by Lloyds Register, which worked with SEA-KIT on the design, operation and construction of its latest unmanned surface vessel. “To continue this conversation around effective and safe autonomy, we need to see more examples of autonomous ships being safely trialled and demonstrated,” says Boylen. “To achieve measurable improvements in safety, seafarers need to be engaged in this process.” Positional awareness of other vessels and the ability to identify the action or even intent of third- party vessels in the vicinity has always been a major challenge, but AI and machine learning can provide decision-making capabilities quicker than a human. With humans in the loop, actions will be taken with greater margins of safety. “Intrinsic to autonomy is the potential ability to share highly accurate and predictive information for
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collaborative operation, which can collectively improve both the safety and efficiency of shipping,” continues Boylen. “This would necessitate additional layers of cybersecurity and consideration of new risks of sharing information with third parties, but if these can be overcome, similar environments would only further optimise operation.
“For [further application of AI in] larger deep-sea vessels – like cruise ships – to become a reality, the industry needs to understand the feasible use cases and commercial benefits,” he adds. “There are many examples where autonomous technology has already improved operational efficiency and safety, for example, route optimisation or collision detection systems. But the industry is yet to fully realise the benefits because they are constrained by the lack of regulatory assurance frameworks offering confidence in the technology they are being shown.”
Crucial for the cruise industry, which is making a big push for sustainability, will be the impact of AI on the use of novel fuel technologies and its ability to significantly reduce power consumption. Boylen sees this as a key capability of AI and believes that, by 2030, zero-emission autonomous ships will replace trucks when moving cargo directly from hub ports to distribution warehouses that are nearer to consumers.
“Autonomy is about starting small,” he says. “Small vessels are making big advances in survey, surveillance and maritime data capture, which is great, as small vessels consume less energy and are able to replace larger vessels for important work. This is a period of change that will be reflected by regulation, assurance and transition. “We must recognise that a significant majority of the maritime will not make the autonomy step for some foreseeable time,” he adds. “What will be traceable is the evidence of these advanced solutions compared with the wider baseline. Simple scenarios such as a crossing event can be extrapolated into many millions of iterations. Like many technologies, confidence and familiarity will lead to wider adoption.” ●
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Using the Orca AI’s system, risks can be detected to avoid potential collisions and ensure a trouble- free journey.
Orca AI
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