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Green hydrogen, as it is cleanly obtained, is thereafter stored and used to power fuel cells to produce electricity.


ledges or the stacking of numerous compressors seen at the back-of-houses4


. This system also


contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as it uses 40 per cent less energy than conventional models5


. WATER AS FUEL Hydrogen and oxygen are combined to form


water. To extract hydrogen, an electric current generated via solar or wind energy is passed through water in a process called electrolysis. Green hydrogen, as it is cleanly obtained, is thereafter stored and used to power fuel cells to produce electricity for a range of applications, including powering buildings and heavy industries.


2 Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system on the rooftop 3 Workers assembling air conditioners in China. With a more affluent urban population globally, energy consumption from the use of air-conditioning units will triple by 2050 4 Industrial cooling systems play a significant role as the world gets warmer and demand for energy-intensive cooling is expected to climb 5 Green hydrogen, which can be stored and used to power fuel cells to produce electricity, can be obtained at hydrogen filling stations 6 Detail of hydrogen fuel cells


Consequently, this offers a reliable source of power over a long period of time. Hydrogen can be used to feed buildings off-grid, since the power source can be harnessed in the form of independent fuel cell batteries. Buildings could then function better in difficult terrains or in isolation as they do not need to depend on a centralised system of power. In addition, green hydrogen will propel the decarbonisation of the economy as there will be sufficient amounts of power generated and stored during off-peak hours. Relying on fossil fuels to make up for shortages due to unreliable weather conditions, while using solar or wind energy, will no longer be a concern.


“2021 will be the first year of the golden age of hydrogen,” says Nobuo Tanaka6


, former executive


director of the International Energy Agency. In testament, this technology is being planned with innovative master plans globally, such as the carbon-neutral Woven City in Japan. Toyota will


begin construction of this hydrogen fuel cell- powered “prototype city of the future” on a 175- acre site at Mt Fuji this year7


. In Singapore, the


SP Group had trialled the use of green hydrogen by powering a building solely by an externalised, fully automated container unit that stored green hydrogen. While the system was pollution-free, the drawbacks include that it was expensive as a consequence of its novelty8


and the transport of


hydrogen over long distances could be untenable due to its volatility9


. To boost its affordability, the


Green Hydrogen Catapult initiative was launched last December by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), where some of the largest global hydrogen industry companies have signed up to boost the production of green hydrogen by 50-fold in the next six years.


WATER AS LIGHT ABSORBENT In late 2020, several Asian countries such as


India, Vietnam, Singapore and Thailand had pledged to build some of the largest floating solar farms in the world, which can be attributed to the falling prices of photovoltaic (PV) cells10


. Apart from being


an effective measure to save land space, floating solar farms produce electricity at a comparatively higher efficiency, reportedly 20 per cent more than land-based ones as the PV cells used can be cooled efficiently11


.


Besides, such farms can afford environmental benefits as the panels provide shade for water bodies, which prevents the incidence of algae blooms that are harmful for freshwater ecological systems. With this shade, excessive evaporation can also be prevented12


.


78 FUTURARC


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