COMMENTARY


CO2


emission reductions in the Sustainable Development Scenario relative to the Stated Policies Scenario


Source: Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2019 | IEA 2019. All rights reserved.


2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500


2010 6 Notes: Mt CO2 Stated Policies Scenario Sustainable Development Scenario


Efficiency Renewables Fuel switching CCUS Activity


2018


2030 reductions due to reduced economic activities that are linked with fuel combustion.


2040 = million tonnes of carbon dioxide; CCUS = carbon capture, utilisation and storage. Activity indicates CO2 emissions


100% transition to renewable energy by 2050 Source: The Solutions Project, 2021


100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%


7


Benefits from 100% renewable energy transition Source: The Solutions Project, 2021


1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0


8 India, 1,444,643 China, 1,090,410


10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0


Energy efficiency (%) Other renewables (%) Wind power (%) Solar plants (%) Solar rooftop (%) Payback time (years)


Singapore, 2,107


0%


Malaysia, 9,353


5%


Thailand, 35,599


Indonesia, 155,519


Philippines, 126,709


10%


15% Avoided health cost (% of GDP)


20%


25%


FUTURARC 69


China India Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand


Lives saved per year from air pollution Energy (%) Mt CO2


Payback time (years)


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