Vol. 64, No. 4 winter 2019 366


15. T e bending form for the tiller. Only the fi rst layer has been wetted, formed, and clamped. T e outside curves required steaming. Two additional layers will be applied, each one bent like the fi rst, then glued and clamped on the others


outside in and bond everything with cyanoacrylate). Successive planks were bent the same way, each one nestling into the curve of the one before it. T ese planks did not buckle as they were not too wide. If buckling is a problem it sometimes can be eliminated by holding down the buckled area with separate


clamps or a block of wood, forcing it level again. T is cedar was close grained wood from a fence picket I bought at a local lumberyard. Modeling wood can be found in unlikely places.


Bent lamination


16. With all the layers applied the long ends can be glued together and the rest of the bend (the “S” shape between the eye and the base in Figure 14) can be shaped.


Sometimes for very tight bends or heavy or complex parts, build them from thin laminations glued together. T e tiller in Figure 14 is a good example, made with three thin, separate pieces of apple, bent and glued together on the form shown in Figure 15. Figure 16 shows it taken off the form. T e ”S” bend between the eye and the rudder head was made by steam bending the lamination over another form. In such situations, one has to be careful to avoid breaking previous glue joints. T e number of laminations required depends on the application and, generally there will be little or no spring back with three or more.


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