3B 8


Read about two solutions to problems caused by urbanization. Which solution do you prefer? Give reasons for your answer.


Sweden


Cities cause problemsa but people can find solutionsb. For example, in New York in the 20th


century, there wasn’t enough space for people to live and work so


builders built homesc and offices higher and higher. And that’s how they invented skyscrapersd


. Now architects are developing something similare in Sweden. As the


urban population grows and the rural population shrinks, providing enough food for everyone becomes a problem. But a company has designed a systemf that could help solve this problem in the future. The ‘vertical farm’ builds upwards instead of outwards and allows farmers to grow cropsg on an industrial scale in a small space. If the project is successful, they will build vertical farmsh in cities around the world.


Chile


In 2003, the Chilean Government awarded a property developer a difficult projecti


. The Government asked the developer j


for 100 squatter families in the centre of a desert city called Iquique. Although the Government gave the developer enough spacek


solution – it offered each familym


with the necessary amenities, such as a bathroom and a kitchen, and it encouraged the familieso


.


to build homes for the


homes, there was only enough money for the company to build 100 poor- quality housesl


to build and improve the houses during the


next few years. The project has been a success as residents improve their houses when they have the time and money. Although the houses have tripled in value, none of the families have sold their housesp


9 10


The texts in 8 contain highlighted examples of the active form. Change each example sentence to the passive form. Do you think the active or the passive is more appropriate in these examples?


Look at the list of topics. Write sentences about them, explaining things that have happened, are happening or will happen. Use the verbs in the box in the passive.


Example Three schools have been built in the last ten years. build buy create demolish design give move open sell


• hospitals • money


11 44


• offices • people


• places •


schools Go to page 175 for a discussion activity about improving a city. English for the 21st Century • Unit 3


. Therefore, the company decided on a very innovative ‘half a good house’. It fitted each housen


C21 SKILLS


COMMUNICATION: Avoiding personal reference


We often avoid referring to people by name to save face, i.e., to avoid embarrassing someone or making them look bad. Think of some examples of when you have avoided using personal reference and explain why you chose this approach.


>> Do the exercises on page 49.


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