Transcripts
Presenter Oh, good! Sarah
So, as we look at an object, we process all of the light from that object, while disregarding the light from all surrounding objects. In this way, we perceive the colour of an object only in relation to the colours of its surroundings.
Presenter Wait! So no object has an absolute colour? Sarah
In a sense, no. And that’s why colours can be seen differently by different people. In the photo of the dress, the surrounding lighting is so confusing that our brains can’t be sure what colours to ‘see’ in the dress itself. People who guess that the surrounding area is dark are likely to see blue in the dress. On the other hand, people who see the surrounding area as light see the dress as white and the stripes as gold.
Presenter So it all just depends on the manner in which the brain perceives and processes colour. Precisely!
Sarah
Presenter You know what … I think I get it! Phew! OK … And now for something completely different. Our next caller is Nils from Sweden, who has a different problem altogether …
Nils
I feel like I’m losing my mind. I’ve had the chorus of ‘Dancing Queen’ stuck in my head for almost three weeks! I like ABBA, but it’s driving me up the wall. When I wake up in the morning, it starts playing in my head. And when I go to bed at night, there it is. I’m stuck in a loop. I can’t escape! Please help me! …
Presenter Aha! Sounds like Nils has an earworm. Sarah
Yes, it does. And a serious case! It’s very common for us to get songs stuck in our heads. And pop songs are the worst. I mean, pop songs are written with the aim of being catchy. But actually, what Nils says about being caught in a loop is very close to what scientists think is happening.
Presenter Is there something wrong with his brain? Sarah
Not at all. Quite the opposite, in fact. Let me try to explain what’s going on. Have you ever gone to bed with a problem …
Presenter I’ve got lots of problems … Professor Hehe. But have you ever gone to bed with a problem and woken up the next morning with a solution?
Presenter Um. Yeah, I guess that does happen sometimes. Sarah
I thought so. It happens to me all the time. That’s because our brains – our subconscious – carry on thinking about things in the background, while we go about our daily lives. We don’t even know they’re doing it!
Presenter Even when we’re asleep? Sarah
Yes!
Presenter That’s amazing! Sarah
It is. But sometimes it can go a bit wrong, especially if our brains can’t find any resolution. And this is what happens with earworms. The mind gets stuck in a loop and just keeps going round and round. Often, you only know a little bit of the song – not
202 English for the 21st Century • Transcripts
the whole thing. So, once your mind has sung through that part, it has nowhere to go.
Presenter Apart from back to the start! Enough to drive you crazy. So, what can you do?
Sarah Well, one solution is to learn the whole song. That way, when your subconscious starts to sing the song again, it knows how the song ends.
Presenter Ahahaha! Makes sense. So there you go Nils! Dig out your ABBA CDs, and start learning those lyrics! Interesting stuff. Now, who’s next …
Unit 7
7.1 a Blue is the most popular colour for corporate logos. As a colour, blue creates a feeling of trust in a company. It suggests security, too. In other words, it tells you a company is established and safe, and hopefully won’t take too many risks. Linked to this, blue is the colour of honesty. You’ll find blue used a lot in the logos of banks, financial institutions and software companies like IBM. For businesses like these, it’s important to be seen as honest and trustworthy.
b Red is the next most common colour in corporate logos. Red is seen as the colour of energy. It’s certainly a good colour if you want to catch people’s attention. In logo design, red also represents excitement and passion. A company that uses red in its logo and advertising material probably wants to be seen as a company with exciting products, strong beliefs and the energy to succeed.
c In business, black is the third most popular colour for company logos. Black is associated with elegance and sophistication, so we see it a lot in the logos of expensive fashion companies like Gucci, or sports companies like Adidas. In logos, black is also the colour of power. Perhaps that’s why so many global giants choose to include black or a shade of black in their logos.
7.2 a playful
b trustworthy c secure d vital
e responsible f sophisticated
playfulness
trustworthiness security vitality
responsibility sophistication
7.3 1 Interviewer So what qualities do you look for when you’re recruiting graphic designers?
Paul
Well, first of all, we look for people who are very artistic. They also need to have a good awareness of colour and shape, and an understanding of fonts. Another quality which is really important is creativity. In our industry, we need designers who have original ideas. Finally, we need people that
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