Transcripts
The second puzzle is what we call a lateral-thinking puzzle and we have to take a different approach to this compared to a logic puzzle. When we hear the word ‘aeroplane’, our mind immediately visualizes something flying, something in the sky. Lateral-thinking puzzles take advantage of this automatic reaction. The trick to solving lateral-thinking puzzles is to question everything that we normally take for granted. It’s an aeroplane but is it necessarily in the sky? There is also an element of logic. If the man is not seriously injured, he could not have fallen from an aeroplane that was actually flying. If you combine lateral thinking with this logical element, then you will have a good chance of solving the puzzle. This is the secret to becoming a great puzzle solver.
4.5 The farmer’s daughter took a stone from the bag but immediately dropped it onto the beach before anyone could see what colour it was. Remember, the beach was covered in black and white stones so her stone was lost. She apologized for being so clumsy and said, ‘But all you have to do is look at the colour of the stone in the bag. If it is white, then I picked a black stone. But if it is black, my stone was white.’
4.6 Vicky
Hassan Vicky
Hello, Consuela. Have you been at your exercise class? You look a bit hot!
Consuela No, actually I’ve just been at a workshop about thinking.
Yes, thinking makes me feel hot and tired too. I try to avoid it.
Don’t be silly, Hassan! Really, Consuela? Tell us about it.
Consuela It was about thinking and dance. We tried different ways of dancing and then did different types of mental problems.
Vicky
Wow, that sounds fun! What course was that part of?
Consuela None of my regular courses. It was a special event at the science festival, taught by a man called Dr Peter Lovatt. He’s a professor, but not at our university, and he also travels a lot giving seminars of this type.
Vicky
Gosh, I wish I’d heard about that. It sounds really good. Tell us more.
Consuela Well, first we learnt a dance routine – that was fun! Hassan What do you mean by routine? Consuela A dance routine? It’s a set of specific moves and steps to music. Doing this stimulates the brain to find patterns and follow rules when solving problems.
Hassan Vicky
I see, and that’s a typical left-brain function. So, does that help develop logical thinking?
Consuela Well, Dr Lovatt didn’t use that actual term, as I recall, but he said that kind of dancing helps with solving problems that have one correct answer, like maths problems.
Hassan Interesting … So what kind of dance do you do to help you with lateral thinking?
Consuela Again, that actual term wasn’t used, but we learnt that improvized dance helps you work with problems that have lots of possible answers.
Hassan Well, that’s one phase of lateral thinking, isn’t it? You come up with lots of possible ideas and then assess them and reject the totally unlikely ones.
Vicky
You know more about this thinking business than you let on before, Hassan!
Hassan Well, I am a Psychology student. But I don’t know much about dancing – what is improvized dance?
Consuela Basically, you don’t follow set steps and routines. You do what you feel like doing.
Vicky
Oh, I like that kind of dance best. Do you think it would help me get my English Literature essay written faster if I do some dancing first? I haven’t got any ideas for it at all at the moment!
Consuela Why not? It’s worth a try!
Slideshow – Migration The painted lady butterfly is one of the most mysterious and amazing insects on the planet. It’s a tiny creature weighing less than a gram. It looks like the most delicate creature in the world. Its brain is the size of a pinhead. Yet every year, each butterfly goes on an extreme, 15,000-kilometre round trip. The painted lady flies from tropical Africa to the Arctic Circle. But no single butterfly flies the whole way. Incredibly, several generations of the same family complete the journey in stages. Why do these butterflies fly so far? How do they know which way to go? How do they know when they should leave or when they’ve arrived? How is all this knowledge passed between generations? The painted ladies’ journey is one of the most remarkable examples of the phenomenon known as ‘migration’. Migration is the annual or seasonal movement of animals from one place to another. Animals of all types migrate – birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish and insects. Some migrations are quite straightforward. But many are truly stunning feats of navigation, strength and determination. What all migrating creatures have in common, and what makes migration so impressive, is that they have no technology to help them – no radar, no GPS, no maps, no clocks and no calendars. Yet every year, they set off at the same time of year. And every year, they return to exactly the same place. Another particularly extreme migration is undertaken by the Arctic tern. Every year, Arctic terns go from the Arctic to the Antarctic and back. That’s a round trip of about 40,000 kilometres! Arctic terns breed in the north in the northern summer and move south, arriving in Antarctica in the southern summer. Some go down the west coast of the Americas. Others fly over the Atlantic Ocean. The life span of an Artic tern is 30 years. That means that, in its lifetime, each tern will fly the equivalent of 60 times around the Earth – or to the moon and back, three times. Another animal with amazing powers is the Atlantic salmon.
English for the 21st Century • Transcripts 197
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