Transcripts
Gestures are movements of our bodies – usually our hands – to make a point, emphasize an idea or make something clearer. What does this gesture mean? And lastly, facial expressions. Did you know – there are 43 muscles in the face. We use our faces – our eyes, eyebrows, lips, noses and cheeks – to show our feelings. An obvious example is the smile. We usually smile to show we are happy or pleased about something. But some smiles are easier to read than others. This one is very hard to read! It’s Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. It’s one of the most famous paintings in the world. All the great painters knew about the power of body language. That’s why their works are still so powerful today. In The Tragedy, Picasso shows us what pain looks like. We can see that this family has suffered a terrible loss. All three family members bow their heads, hunch their shoulders and avoid eye contact. Sometimes great art can be heartbreaking. This painting – The Return of the Prodigal Son by Rembrandt – tells a story. A son has come home after many years of wasting his father’s money. He kneels in front of his father and bows his head. His father has grown old and tired. But look at his face. We can see that, even after all the bad times, he forgives his son. This painting is more modern. It was painted in 1942. It’s Nighthawks by Edward Hopper, the so-called ‘painter of American loneliness’. He mastered using light to show mood. But he also understood body language. Look carefully at the couple at the counter. How do they feel about each other? How can you tell? Last one – a Portrait of Pope Innocent X by Diego Velázquez. This painting is all about power. The man knows he is important. He sits on his throne in a ‘power posture’ – shoulders back, head held high. And look in his eyes. So much confidence. But is there something else? What can you see? This is what Francis Bacon saw, 300 years later. Wow! Terrifying! Anyway … we can tell a lot about other people from their body language. But we can also use our own body language to our advantage. This is Amy Cuddy. She’s a social scientist. Her theory is: ‘Our body language shapes who we are’. Her research shows that, if we change our posture, we can completely change the way other people see us. But her research has also found something even more interesting. And very useful! She has found that if we strike a positive pose for a few minutes every day, we can actually change the chemistry in our bodies. Would you like to try? Find a quiet corner. Put your hands on your hips, keep your back straight and hold your head high. Get comfortable. Breathe slowly and deeply. Now, hold the pose for two minutes. Don’t laugh! Can you feel your body chemistry changing? Can you feel your confidence growing? Other people will sense it. They will think of you as a successful, important person. And they’ll respect you more. Why not try it before your next presentation? You’ll ace it!
174 Unit 3
3.1 Photo a A Have you seen this photo? B Wow! Who’s that? A His name is Hans Müller. He’s climbed some of the most dangerous places in the world without any safety equipment.
B What? Do you mean he doesn’t use ropes or anything? A Exactly! And he takes a photo of himself at the top. B That sounds very dangerous. Has he ever had an accident? A No, he hasn’t. He must be a very good climber. B But why does he do it? A He says he likes the views! B Well, we all like taking selfies, but have you ever taken a selfie like that?
A No, I haven’t!
Photo b A Have you ever painted something? B Yes, I have. I painted my bedroom last year. Why? A Well, there’s a good story here. You know those really poor areas of cities in Brazil?
B Yeah, they’re called ‘favelas’, aren’t they? A That’s right. Well, these two artists went to Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. They noticed that a lot of the people living in the favelas were very good at painting. So they organized a big painting project.
B What have they painted? A They’ve painted the outside of the houses in the favela. You can see in the photo. They’ve used all sorts of colours and shapes.
B They’re amazing. How many buildings have they painted so far?
A They’ve done one part of the favela. But they’ve had some problems because the favela is a bit dangerous.
B Really? A Yeah. But they are planning to carry on.
3.2 a I’ve met the King of England. b Amir hasn’t driven a car before. c A Have you ever lived in another country? B No, I haven’t.
3.3 Interviewer Where have you travelled with your son and what have you done?
Shona Mitchell Where do I start? We’ve done so many amazing things together. So far we’ve been to the Sahara and we’ve slept in the Amazon Rainforest. We’ve climbed mountains and we’ve swum with dolphins. And, of course, we’ve met some amazing men and women from many different countries. Have there been any problems?
Interviewer English for the 21st Century • Transcripts
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