Particle Characterisation
Centrifugal Field Flow Fractionation Improves Characterisation of Drug Delivery Systems
Postnova Analytics reports that its CF2000 Centrifugal Field Flow Fractionation system is delivering exciting new data to scientists developing drug delivery systems.
Soheyl Tadjiki, Managing Director of Postnova Analytics Inc. commented: “One of the grand challenges of characterisation of any drug delivery system is the determination of cargo mass per delivery vesicle. Size characterisation techniques are inherently inadequate to provide such information. By comparison we have found that our CF2000 Centrifugal Field-Flow Fractionation (CF3) system, a mass-based, high resolution separation instrument, is capable of measuring the cargo mass per vesicle to a limit of quantification of 12 attogram (12 x 10-18 g).”
In Centrifugal Field-Flow Fractionation (CF3) the separation force is established by a centrifugal field, which is generated by spinning the complete circular channel at a high rate. The bigger and denser particles are forced more in the direction of the outer wall than the smaller particles. As a consequence, bigger particles are eluted later from the CF3 channel as they are located in slower streamlines in the channel than the smaller particles which are located in faster stream lines.
Based on the CF3 principle, the Postnova CF2000 employs a centrifugal field as the driving force for separations. Particles affected by this field are separated by dynamic diffusion on the basis of both particle size and density. This unique feature of the CF2000 allows the separation of different particulate materials having the same particle size. Separations on the CF2000 can be further optimised by using different eluents and temperature programs. As a consequence, the CF2000 system is proving an ideal tool for the separation and characterisation of complex particulate samples in areas including agriculture, cosmetics, nanomaterials and pharmaceutical drug delivery systems.
In contrast to traditional particle sizing techniques which work in the batch mode, the CF3 technique physically separates each particle fraction prior to sizing. This avoids numerous disadvantages of these batch techniques such as, low size resolution, discrimination and under estimation of smaller compared to larger particles. Using Postnova CF3 technology no special sample preparation is necessary as they can be injected directly without filtration, allowing the characterisation of even complex particulate materials without alteration and damage.
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Fast Analysis of Particle Shape and Size with Dynamic Image Analysis
The Fritsch ANALYSETTE 28 ImageSizer for dry and wet measurement is the ideal particle sizer for all applications that require accurate and reproducible measuring results for both particle shape and size. The optical process of Dynamic Image Analysis provides results for a wide measuring range, delivers multiple shape parameters and evaluation possibilities for particle size. The measuring time depending on the sample quantity, is under 5 minutes. And the result is available immediately.
The ANALYSETTE 28 ImageSizer in combination with the corresponding wet dispersion unit is ideal for measurement of particle shape and size of suspensions and emulsions.
Wet dispersion is particularly suitable for fine particles, poorly flowing, fine-agglomerating or sticky materials, which do not react in water or other liquids.
The ANALYSETTE 28 ImageSizer is the ideal Particle Sizer for fast analysis of particle shape and size of dry, free-flowing materials. Via the optical analysis of the particle shape and particle size, you can identify damaged particles, contaminates, agglomerates or oversized and undersized particles accurately and fast and view them completely uncomplicated in single images.
The evaluation of the measuring results is uniquely simple with the ANALYSETTE 28 ImageSizer. The evaluation software ISS displays each recorded particle clearly as a data point in the immediately available Fritsch Cloud as well as in the Fritsch Gallery. You freely choose which statement is of interest to you: for example the Sphericity in regards to the Minimum Feret Diameter, the aspect ratio, applied on the porosity, or the convexity as a function of the particle Cross Section. Or display the particle size distribution as a cumulative curve, as a bar chart or in a table form.
For fast single image viewing, each individual particle can be opened directly with a mouse click from the clearly arranged Fritsch Cloud. The really important information for you about the morphology will be shown by the position of the data point in the Cloud. Without time-consuming search, you can immediately analyse, evaluate and delete individual selected particles. All available size and shape parameters are automatically displayed.
To get a quick overview of the typical particle shape of the analysed sample, view and evaluate all the images in a gallery which is integrated directly into the software for easy use. Individual particle images can be directly selected for single image analysis.
More information online:
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Ultra-High-Resolution Particle Characterisation
Analytik has published a white paper that provides an informative introduction to particle size characterisation using the Differential Centrifugal Sedimentation (DCS) technique.
Differential Centrifugal Sedimentation is an extremely powerful tool for high resolution particle characterisation, especially in the size range 0.002 micron (2nm) to 10 microns. It enables very narrow distributions of particles differing in size by less than 2 per cent to be resolved, and hence extremely small differences, changes or shifts in particle size to be accurately and reproducibly detected and measured. The accuracy and reliability of DCS data also enables the technique to be used quantitatively to derive weight and number distributions. Beneficially DCS also produces particle sizing results that are comparable to data resulting from Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopic analyses.
After providing a useful introduction to the theory behind Differential Centrifugal Sedimentation - the white paper discusses different instrumental designs, operational considerations and includes results data from applications that can benefit from the technique. The white paper also introduces a new DCS method for measurement of low density, neutral buoyancy particles, a previous technical limitation of the technique.
The white paper concludes that recent advances in Differential Centrifugal Sedimentation instrumentation have improved the technique with respect to ease of use, speed of analysis, accuracy and multiple sample measurement.
More information online:
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