20 Water / Wastewater


New, advanced clamp-on fl owmeters for water, wastewater, and other process industry applications


Prosonic Flow W 400 brings the modern technology of Endress+Hauser’s Proline device series to clamp-on ultrasonic fl owmeters. The W 400 clamp-on and I 400 insertion units provide comprehensive process monitoring with long-term cost effi ciency and extensive diagnostics. These sensors pair with Endress+Hauser’s Proline 400 transmitter to provide a complete fl ow metering solution.


For decades, users in many process industries have turned to ultrasonic clamp-on instruments for convenient fl ow measurement. This trend continues, but with growing requirements for instrument data. Prosonic Flow W 400 addresses this and other issues by providing reliable measurements of process parameters, along with a host of additional information.


The fl owmeter uses a nonintrusive, clamp-on measurement method, with its ultrasonic sensors mounted directly on a pipe’s exterior. This provides safe measurement of many fl uids, independent of their conductivity or other properties. This includes corrosive, abrasive, and toxic fl uids, making this fl owmeter ideal for monitoring countless processes.


Because neither piping nor process fl ow are interrupted, clamp-on fl owmeters can be easily used for retrofi tting at any time. They are suitable for low- or high-pressure applications, on pipes smaller than an inch in diameter, and up to 160 inches, such as those encountered in water distribution.


This size range illustrates the Prosonic Flow W 400 measurement solution’s versatility. It can be used to measure fl ow, monitor processes, verify previously installed fl owmeters, detect leaks in a pipeline, and for other applications.


The fl owmeter’s IP68 Type 6P submergence-rated ultrasonic sensors provide long-term and reliable operation, requiring little maintenance. This makes them suitable for use in harsh process and ambient conditions, able to withstand temperatures from –40 to +266 °F.


The Proline 400 transmitter includes a built-in web server, so users can access process, diagnostic, confi guration, and other instrument data via any device capable of hosting a web browser, such as a laptop, smartphone, or tablet.


The transmitter provides targeted parameterization of measuring points, and it saves time during commissioning, maintenance, and service. Its LCD display and web-based operating tool each show real-time measurement quality—good, acceptable, or bad—to provide key status information at a glance.


Piping systems in the process industry often have multiple fi ttings and elbows that disturb the fl ow profi le and, along with it, the accuracy of ultrasonic fl ow measurement. The Prosonic Flow W 400 solution is optionally available with Endress+Hauser’s FlowDC function, which detects and corrects for the effects of fl ow disturbance. This ensures measurement accuracy even in the presence of a short pipe inlet run, for example when signifi cantly reduced from the standard 15 pipe diameters down to two. The FlowDC function increases fl exibility for equipping new or retrofi tted systems with clamp-on fl owmeters.


Heartbeat Technology—a testing function integrated into all Endress+Hauser Proline measuring devices—provides instrumentation self-diagnostics, along with traceable measurement verifi cation during operation. This technology monitors for changes to the instrument electronics and sensors caused by extreme environmental or process conditions, increasing measurement integrity.


Prosonic Flow W 400 can be mounted on a wide variety of pipe types and materials with or without lining, including metal—e.g., steel or cast iron—plastic, glass-fi ber-reinforced plastic, and composite materials. A maintenance-free contact medium, called a coupling pad, provides optimum sound transmission between sensor surface and the pipe, and the resulting high signal strength ensures stable measurement results and long-term reliability. These clamp-on fl ow sensors are available in multiple ultrasonic frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 5 MHz, optimized for application pipe size, pipe material, and fl uid.


Contactless fl ow sensor for large pipes


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NIVUS is expanding its range of clamp-on sensors to include another variant that works based on the ultrasonic transit time difference. Due to the measuring frequency of 500 kHz, these sensors are suitable for large pipe diameters or for pipe wall materials such as asbestos, cement, GRP or a multi-layer structure. The new sensors also excel in pipes with wall thicknesses of up to 30 mm. Compared to the 1 MHz version also offered, the new version can detect higher fl ow velocities even better. Another advantage is the increased acoustic penetrability through the fl uid. The signal is not so strongly attenuated, e.g. in the case of solids, gas bubbles or deposits on the inner wall of the pipe.


The clamp-on sensors are mounted on the pipe from the outside and measure without contact. This eliminates the need for drilling or similar mechanical


stresses on the pipe. An interruption of the process for installation or maintenance is therefore also not necessary. In addition, this technology allows compliance with the highest hygiene standards due to the lack of contact with the measured medium. The high degree of protection of the sensors according to IP68 enables their use even under the harshest conditions. For example, the sensors can be permanently buried in the ground with the help of suitable devices. Special polymer pads ensure a permanently reliable acoustic coupling between the sensor and the pipe.


For the use of the sensors, the measurement technology manufacturer offers permanent transmitters for classic installation in control cabinets or indoors. NIVUS GmbH also provides robust and battery-operated transmitters for temporary or permanent use in harsh environmental conditions. In combination with the NIVUS solar solution, it enables permanent measuring operation even at measurement places where there is no power supply. All systems allow for data access via an online measurement data portal.


Typical applications for the new clamp-on sensors are: drinking water pipelines with large nominal diameters or special pipe wall materials, corroded and incrusted pipelines, monitoring of water infl ows, monitoring of pressure pipelines, recording of turbine effi ciency or recording of cooling process water demand, as well as recirculation pipelines with a high solids content.


Safe and reliable unattended industrial VOCs in water analysis


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Chromatotec’s systems integrates automatic water sampling with a fast loop; the sample is taken from just under the water surface to avoid fl oating particles on the surface and sludge at the bottom. The sampling system is deployed near to the water source, the water is pumped to the sampling and fi ltration unit and then on to the analyser withing its protective shelter. This system, which consists of Chromatotec’s highly successful airmoVOC analyser, a hydrogen generator to produce the carrier gas, a zero-air catalyser to remove unwanted particles and an internal calibration system provides unattended, precise and reliable data in real-time. This system has already been hugely successful within a wide range of industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to food and beverage and the drinking water sectors.


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Industrial facilities, all over the world, must comply with stringent environmental regulations for avoiding contamination by harmful chemicals in their wastewater discharge. The installation of precise and reliable monitoring equipment is key to avoiding contaminating the local environment, endangering human health and avoiding expensive and damaging litigation. Chromatotec’s airmoVOC WMS extracts volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from liquid and then analyses them by gas chromatography (GC) enabling the operator to identify the presence and quantity of contaminants such as BTEX and light to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs).


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New standard addresses PFAS concentrations in water supplies


ASTM International’s water committee (D19) has approved a new standard that will help address global concerns about the concentration of polyfl uoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water supplies.


According to ASTM International member William Lipps, the new standard required testing of nine complex wastewater matrices, each spiked in triplicate at three concentrations spanning the analytical range of the method.


“Very good precision and recovery obtained on all matrices, along with precision and recovery obtained on spiked reagent water, were used to calculate the quality control limits included in the method,” says Lipps. “These limits establish criteria that individual laboratories must meet before running samples and criteria that will be used to demonstrate performance of labs when running samples.”


This effort directly relates to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals #6 on clean water and sanitation, as well as #13 on climate action and #14 on life below water.


Lipps notes the new standard will help to minimize water use in laboratories and help keep water clean by providing new methods for the analysis of trace contaminants in water.


“The smaller volumes required for this test are 25-100 times less volume than a typical EPA method, reducing shipping weight and cooler size, resulting in a smaller carbon footprint,” says Lipps. “The minimal extraction, while using plastics, minimizes their use compared to other PFAS methods; in this method, the sample is extracted in the same vial in which it was sampled.”


Lipps says that all interested parties are invited to join in the interlaboratory study now being planned for the new standard, which will soon be published as D8421.


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