AIRMONITORING 29


of instruments and response factor calculations, in accordance with the requirement of the ISO:17025 for benzene calibration. The relative response factors to benzene were determined experimentally, then values were compared with the theoretical relative response factors obtained using the equivalent number theory.


The analytical system’s measurement of liquid samples was then tested using a P&T sampling system and a standard diluted in water with concentration of around 4µg/L. Prior to the analysis, the system was calibrated with a TO14 gas standard. The VOCs concentrations in liquid were determined given that 100% of VOCs contained in the water sample could be extracted and preconcentrated into the sampling trap.


Industrial air monitoring waste water plant


process effi ciency and control using automatic on-line continuous monitoring with little, if any, human interaction.


A real-life application of this unique solution is described hereafter; The Jiangsu province is an important industrial region in China. Industrial emissions lead to the release of VOCs into the atmosphere. VOCs are dangerous pollutants and can fi nd their way into groundwater used for drinking purpose because of their high-water solubility and polarity. These compounds are known to have adverse effects on human and environmental health and also contribute signifi cantly to the formation of ozone.


In order to ensure drinking water safety, the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment released in 2018 a “Three-Year Development Plan”. This action plan aims to signifi cantly improve VOC groundwater contamination control and treatment. The analyses of VOCs in water require preconcentration of the analytes. The most common sample- enrichment methods for determining VOCs in water are P&T, headspace (HS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME).


The system used in this study is an auto-GC-FID system with P&T technology for the determination of the analytes included in the US EPA 502.2 method. The main goal was to improve process effi ciency and control using automatic on-line continuous monitoring.


Tests were performed using a TO14 cylinder (CPE-10010) and PAMS cylinder (CPC-03287) containing VOCs at 100 ppb for each compound (+/-2% of accuracy). Liquid samples were also used: a 502.2 liquid standard with a concentration of 200ng/mL diluted in water to reach 4µg/L and benzene and toluene diluted in water at 4µg/L. A benzene permeation tube with permeation rate of 11.5ng/min at 40°C was used for the internal calibration


A total recovery of mass injected (4µg/L) was obtained for most VOCs such as benzene (4.2µg/L), toluene (4.5µg/L), or trichloroethene (3.8µg/L). The results indicate that calibrations can be performed using gas standards, which makes the system preparation much simpler. Also, for very volatile compound, the liquid standard preparation is diffi cult, as these compounds may become vaporized before the analysis. Therefore, gas calibration may be considered more reliable for such compounds.


A water sample containing benzene and toluene at 4µg/L was diluted to various concentrations to test the linearity of the response. Also, a gaseous dilution system equipped with a Mass Flow Controller (airmoCAL D-MFC, Chromatotec, France) was used to achieve four points of different concentrations in a range between 0 and 100ng/L. The detector gave an excellent correlation between their response (RSD < 2%) and the concentration (R2=1).


The results obtained for the online quantifi cation of 59 VOCs in 60min without memory effects using an auto-TDGC-FID analytical system in both gaseous and liquid samples when using a P&T sampling system are excellent and validated by many existing industrial customers. A quadrupole mass spectrometer can be coupled to the system to identify unknown compounds, either after the chromatographic column or from direct measurement, thus increasing the number of molecules analyzed to at least 123. The system used is fully automatic, linear, precise down to ppt levels and very stable. All generators needed for the continuous operation of the gas chromatograph are integrated into the cylinder-free analytical system. The system requires little maintenance because all cleaning procedures are performed automatically. Only the deionized water level in the hydrogen generator has to be checked monthly. The measurement system performance evaluation is completed with internal calibration using NIST-traceable permeation tube technology to provide automatic data validation.


The system automatically quantifi es VOCs in water, including


Author Contact Details Franck Amiet – President,Chromatotec Group • 15 rue d’Artiguelongue Saint-Antoine 33240 Val de Virvée France • Tel: 05 57 94 06 26 • Email: info@chromatotec.com • Web: www.chromatotec.com


All of our articles are online! To view and download them, visit: www.envirotech-online.com


Range of passive air sampling products expanded Markes International has signed an agreement with Istituti Clinici Scientifi ci Maugeri (‘ICS Maugeri’) of Italy to become distributors of ICS Maugeri’s radiello®


range of passive samplers. Radiello is a well-


established range of radial diffusive (passive) sampling devices for air sampling. The range of samplers are used for a wide range of analytes from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phenols through to nitrous and sulphur dioxides, aldehydes and more.


They are used extensively for industrial hygiene and workplace monitoring situations, whereby the sampling body is fi xed to a small supporting ‘badge’ which is clipped onto individuals’ clothing for the duration of the sampling period. The radiello’s radial design allows air absorption from all directions, which makes them highly effective for short sampling periods.


Under the agreement, Markes and its network of global distributors can promote and sell the full radiello portfolio, which perfectly complements Markes’ existing range of radial diffusive POD Samplers and axial sorbent tube samplers (both passive and active – or pumped – sampling), both of which are used for the sampling and analysis of VOCs over a wide concentration range.


Markes is an acknowledged world leader in the design and manufacture of sampling equipment and thermal desorption (TD) instrumentation, accessories and consumables capable of analysing VOCs and SVOCs at trace levels from a wide variety of matrices. The radiello agreement will allow Markes’ customers to access to all the advantages of radiello’s passive sampling capabilities, alongside the benefi ts already inherent in the company’s TD instruments – such as the popular TD100-xr™ multi-tube thermal desorber and the award-winning Centri®


sample extraction and automation platform.


Markes’ Director of Business Development, Massimo Santoro, said: “We are delighted to be working with ICS Maugeri and their pioneering radiello products. Our customers will now be able to access the entire radiello range through our sales network, distributors and via our online shop, not just for thermal desorption but also for headspace and liquid extraction techniques. This will obviously be very benefi cial for our environmental and industrial hygiene sector customers world-over.”


ICS Maugeri’s Environmental Research Centre collaborates with external bodies on the assessment of risk of exposure to urban air pollution. Its partnership with Markes International will help to make radiello more widely available to researchers and scientists worldwide for their increasingly important air sampling work.


For More Info, email: email:


For More Info, email: 55851pr@reply-direct.com WWW.ENVIROTECH-ONLINE.COM IET SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021


AirmoVOC WMS


BTEX, to stay in compliance with wastewater discharge regulations from environmental protection agencies by taking corrective actions if maximum limits are exceeded. This solution will allow improving the ground water quality monitoring network through effective and comprehensive drinking water source monitoring using early warning systems and providing emergency backup water sources in Shuoxiang Lake, Guannan County, Lianyungang City.


The autonomous airmoVOC WMS can be also used in water markets for food processing, pharmaceutical industries, cosmetics and perfumeries. It can also be used for monitoring drinking water (beverages or source water), surfaces and wastewater as well as other types of liquid foods (milk, soda, wine, spirits, etc.) and organic liquids.


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