26 ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY Gas chromatography


high-resolution mass spectrometer offers new opportunities for analytical testing


Analytical testing laboratories performing high-throughput analysis in the food safety, environmental, pharmaceutical, anti-doping and forensic toxicology sectors can benefi t from a simplifi ed high resolution accurate mass gas chromatography- mass spectrometer (GC-MS) designed to provide sensitive data effi ciently and confi dently, allowing laboratories to speed-up turnaround time and expand


their capabilities into new analytical avenues.


The new Thermo Scientifi c™ Orbitrap Exploris™ GC-MS brings high-resolution analysis into everyday testing in a compact and easy-to-use instrument, delivering leading sensitivity and mass resolving power up to 60,000.


Through an analytical dynamic range across six orders, the new system can provide accurate quantitation and detection of chemical components at trace and high concentrations, for targeted and non-targeted applications such as quantitative pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, sports doping, environmental contaminants and nitrosamines.


The capability to acquire accurate mass data in full scan allows for multiple compound identifi cation points, simplifying data acquisition, facilitating retrospective data analysis and accelerating instrument set-up for increased uptime and productivity.


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PFAS Contamination: A Problem Forever?


eBook: Targeted Screening of ‘Forever Chemicals’ in the Environment


This comprehensive eBook explores PFAS regulatory methods, appropriate analytical instrumentation, and research methods describing how to future- proof your lab for this ever-changing area of environmental analysis.


Download the supplementary PFAS analysis eBook and supporting application note now.


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FTIR aids understanding of soil organic matter Soil chemistry aims to characterise the contents of soils to understand their ability to


promote plant growth and to act as vectors for environmental contaminants. There has been a shift to the latter in recent years. Soil analysis is undertaken as a matter of routine when assessing construction sites for contamination, for agricultural soil management and improvement, and to study the effects of invasive plant and animal species on soil matter.


The major component of soil is the inorganic mineral matter which comprises about 40-45% of its bulk; the remainder is air and water and a small fraction of soil organic matter (SOM). The organic component is a mixture of various living, dead, and decaying organic materials, along with a stable part known as humus .


FTIR is one of several techniques, along with Raman and LIBS, which offers a rapid and multi-parameter measurement of soils to replace the slower (albeit direct) methods of digestion and titration. Though it is naturally suited to the study of organic matter, the mineral content of some soils also contributes to the signals found in the mid-infrared region, and careful subtractions are often required to ensure that the measured spectra are indicative of organic matter only. This is an ongoing area of research.


Contamination of soils by heavy metals presents a threat to human health. Metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic are able to produce toxic effects in organisms even at low dose levels, and consequently this has been an area of concern for health and environment agencies such as the US Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organisation (WHO).


Through contaminated soil and water, cadmium eventually ends up in the food chain. FTIR was used to assess surface functional groups of two biochars. For the analysis samples were ground and mixed with potassium bromide (KBr) before being made into pellets using a Specac press. Spectra showed broadly similar features overall, with peaks in assigned to OH groups, carbonyl C=O, alcohol/phenol O-H bend, C-O groups, and C-H groups. But they also displayed some differences in the lower wavenumber region of the spectrum which were attributed to differences in silica content between the biochars. They determined that the two biochars can both successfully reduce mobility of Cd in the soils, but more work is needed to customise their properties if they are to be used for remediation of metal contamination.


For this study, spectra were recorded on freeze dried samples taken from all three plot-types before clearance, and again after 32 weeks. The group used a Golden Gate diamond ATR accessory mounted in a commercial FTIR spectrometer.


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Are you trying to set up your lab for PFAS analysis?


Per- and polyfl uoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large family of over 4,000 synthetic chemicals that have been widely used in industry and consumer products. Due to their carbon-fl uorine bonds, PFAS resist degradation and elevated temperatures. However, their characteristic stability means that PFAS can also persist and accumulate in the environment, which poses certain risks to animal and human health. For this reason, several PFAS are subject to regulations restricting their use and their concentrations in various matrices.


Understanding PFAS analytical methods and regulations as well as choosing the right instruments and consumables is key to getting your lab ready for PFAS analysis. To shorten startup time, Agilent provides LC/MS/MS eMethods to get you up and running in the shortest time possible.


The PFAS in Drinking and Surface Water by LC/TQ eMethod is verifi ed for the separation and reliable detection of 100 native and isotopically labeled PFAS in drinking and wastewaters, including 60 PFAS with reported method detection limits. The method includes target compounds that are part of standard methods and regulatory lists such as EPA Method 537.1, EPA Method 533, SW-846 Method 8327, SW-846 Draft Method 8327, ASTM D7979-19, ASTM 7968-17a, ISO 21675:2019, Europe (EU) WfD & DWD, Japan Drinking Water Quality Standards, and Germany DIN methods. The Agilent 1290 Infi nity II LC and the Agilent 6470 triple quadrupole LC/MS are used in combination to provide high-quality LC/MS/MS results. Sample preparation is performed with Agilent SampliQ weak anion exchange (WAX) cartridges, and an Agilent ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 column is used in LC analysis.


In addition to acquisition and quantitation methods, the PFAS eMethod includes sample preparation protocols, a detailed training video with a step-by-step workfl ow guide, and references to expertly selected consumables and supplies to minimize cost and effort to design and plan the required analyses.


Visit www.agilent.com/chem/emethod-for-pfas


The eMethod makes use of the Agilent PFAS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) database for triple quadrupole LC/MS, which features data for over 100 native and isotopically labeled PFAS. The database includes details of the intrinsic properties and identifi ers of PFAS such as chemical name, CAS number, and molecular formula. It also features optimized MRM parameters for the analysis of 72 native and 36 isotopically labeled compound from 14 PFAS groups, as well as retention time data from optimized methods.


The eMethod is designed for labs that want a widely applicable testing method and that do not plan to run dedicated regulated methods. For labs running regulated methods, the eMethod in conjunction with the Agilent PFAS MRM database can be a helpful building block to modify existing methods to expand analytical capabilities.


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