13 Analytical Instrumentation
a base stock for biodegradable lubricants,” Lubrication Science, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 67-80, 2014, doi: https://doi. org/10.1002/ls.1228.
[15] W. Liew Yun Hsien, “Utilization of Vegetable Oil as Bio- lubricant and Additive,” in Towards Green Lubrication in Machining, W. Liew Yun Hsien Ed. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015, pp. 7-17.
[16] Y. M. Shashidhara and S. R. Jayaram, “Vegetable oils as a potential cutting fl uid—An evolution,” Tribology International, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1073-1081, May 2010, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2009.12.065.
[17] T. M. Panchal, A. Patel, D. D. Chauhan, M. Thomas, and J. V. Patel, “A methodological review on bio-lubricants from vegetable oil based resources,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 70, pp. 65-70, Apr. 2017, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.105.
[18] R. Uppar, P. Dinesha, and S. Kumar, “A critical review on vegetable oil-based bio-lubricants: preparation, characterization, and challenges,” Environment, Development and Sustainability, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 9011- 9046, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10668-022-02669-w.
[19] M. Khadem, W.-B. Kang, and D.-E. Kim, “Green Tribology: A Review of Biodegradable Lubricants—Properties, Current Status, and Future Improvement Trends,” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing- Green Technology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 565-583, 2024/03/01 2024, doi: 10.1007/s40684-023-00556-x.
[20] A. Saatchi, P. J. Shiller, S. A. Eghtesadi, T. Liu, and G. L. Doll, “A fundamental study of oil release mechanism in soap and non-soap thickened greases,” Tribology International, vol. 110, pp. 333-340, Jun. 2017, doi: https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2017.02.004.
[21] R. Shah, W. Tuszynski, and N. L. G. Institute, NLGI Lubricating Grease Guide. NLGI, 2022.
[22] R. Shah, B. Gashi, and A. Rosenkranz, “Latest developments in designing advanced lubricants and greases for electric vehicles—An overview,” Lubrication Science, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 515-526, 2022, doi: https://doi. org/10.1002/ls.1605.
[23] P. M. Lugt, “A Review on Grease Lubrication in Rolling Bearings,” Tribology Transactions, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 470- 480, Jun. 2009, doi: 10.1080/10402000802687940.
[24] D. Scott, “Further data on the effect of additives on the water-induced pitting of ball bearings,” J. Inst. Petrol, vol. 48, no. 457, p. 24, 1962.
[25] G. Jing, X. Bian, B. Zhang, Z. Tu, and Z. Sun, “Pour Point Depressants and Viscosity Index Improvers for Lubricating Oil: A Mini-Review,” Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering), vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 97-105, 2017.
[26] K. R. Sathwik Chatra, J. A. Osara, and P. M. Lugt, “Impact of grease churning on grease leakage, oil bleeding and grease rheology,” Tribology International, vol. 176, p. 107926, 2022/12/01/ 2022, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j. triboint.2022.107926.
[27] C. H. Venner, M. T. van Zoelen, and P. M. Lugt, “Thin layer fl ow and fi lm decay modeling for grease lubricated rolling bearings,” Tribology International, vol. 47, pp. 175-187, Mar. 2012, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j. triboint.2011.10.019.
[28] S. S. Rawat and A. Harsha, “Current and future trends in grease lubrication,” Automotive Tribology, pp. 147-182, 2019.
[29] A. Standard, “Annual Book of American society for Testing and Material,” 2003.
[30] NLGI. “Glossary Terms.”
https://www.nlgi.org/grease- glossary/ (accessed 07/16/2024.
[31] R. Shah and W. Tuszynski, Lubricating Greases. ASTM International, 2010.
[32] P. M. Lugt, Grease lubrication in rolling bearings. John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
[33] R. K. Dixena, “Study on the application of additive systems in polymeric lubricating greases,” UPES, 2015.
[34] U. C. Sharma and N. Singh, “Biogreases for Environment Friendly Lubrication,” Environmental Science and Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 305-317, 2019.
[35] B. K. Sharma, A. Adhvaryu, J. M. Perez, and S. Z. Erhan, “Biobased grease with improved oxidation performance for industrial application,” Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, vol. 54, no. 20, pp. 7594-7599, 2006.
About the Authors
Dr. Raj Shah is a Director at Koehler Instrument Company in New York, where he has worked for the last 28 years. He is an elected Fellow by his peers at IChemE, CMI, STLE, AIC, NLGI, INSTMC, Institute of Physics, The Energy Institute, and The Royal Society of Chemistry. An ASTM Eagle award recipient, Dr. Shah recently coedited the bestseller, “Fuels and Lubricants handbook,” details of which are available at ASTM’s Long-Awaited Fuels and Lubricants Handbook 2nd Edition Now Available (
https://bit.ly/3u2e6GY).
He earned his doctorate in Chemical Engineering from The Pennsylvania State University (
https://shorturl.at/yOuNM) and is a Fellow from The Chartered Management Institute, London. Dr. Shah is also a Chartered Scientist with the Science Council, a Chartered Petroleum Engineer with the Energy Institute and a Chartered Engineer with the Engineering council, UK. Dr. Shah was recently granted the honourifi c of “Eminent engineer” with Tau beta Pi, the largest engineering society in the USA.
He is on the Advisory board of directors at Farmingdale university (Mechanical Technology) , Auburn Univ ( Tribology ), SUNY, Farmingdale, (Engineering Management) and State university of NY, Stony Brook ( Chemical engineering/ Material Science and engineering). An Adjunct Professor at the State University of New York, Stony Brook, in the Department of Material Science and Chemical engineering, Raj also has over 680 publications and has been active in the energy industry for over 3 decades. More information on Raj can be found at
https://bit.ly/3QvfaLX
Contact:
rshah@koehlerinstrument.com
[36] Y. TAGUCHI and H. MIKAMI, “Long life grease added naturally derived antioxidants,” TECHNICAL REVIEW, 2010.
[37] N. Ismail, “Formulation of Biogrease from Castor Waste,” UMP, 2014.
[38] E. T. Hessell and R. A. Abramshe, “Alkylated naphthalenes as high-performance synthetic fl uids,” Journal of Synthetic Lubrication, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 109-122, 2003, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1002/jsl.3000200203.
[39] P. Range, “Lubricant additives,” Noyes Data Corporation, London, 1980.
[40] N. De Laurentis, “An experimental study into the infl uence of grease composition on friction in EHL contacts,” Imperial College London, 2016.
[41] P. Lee and R. Carpick, “Tribological opportunities for enhancing America’s energy effi ciency,” A report to the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) at the US Department of Energy, vol. 14, 2017.
[42] K. Holmberg and A. Erdemir, “Infl uence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions,” Friction, vol. 5, pp. 263-284, 2017.
[43] R. Shah, S. Tung, R. Chen, and R. Miller, “Grease Performance Requirements and Future Perspectives for Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Applications,” Lubricants, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 40, 2021. [Online]. Available:
https://www.mdpi. com/2075-4442/9/4/40.
[44] L. Honary and E. Richter, Biobased lubricants and greases: Technology and products. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
[45] E. Murphy and E. A. King, Environmental noise pollution: Noise mapping, public health, and policy. Elsevier, 2022.
[46] A. Erdemir, “Low-friction materials and coatings,” Multifunctional materials for tribological applications, Pan Stanford, p. 259e290, 2015.
[47] E. M. Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management-life cycle assessment-principles and framework. International Organization for Standardization, 2006.
Ms. Angelina Mae Precilla is a part of a thriving internship program at Koehler Instrument company in Holtsville and has earned her bachelor’s degree in chemical and molecular engineering from Stony Brook University, Long Island, NY where Dr. Shah is the current chair of the external advisory board of directors.
Angelina Mae Percilla
Author Contact Details Dr. Raj Shah, Koehler Instrument Company • Holtsvile, NY11742 USA • Email:
rshah@koehlerinstrument.com • Web:
www.koehlerinstrument.com
All of our articles are online! To view and download them, visit:
www.petro-online.com
WWW.PETRO-ONLINE.COM
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52