40 Analytical Instrumentation Pioneering a New Age of Precision in Vapour Pressure Testing
AMETEK Grabner Instruments (Austria) has extended its vapour pressure tester product portfolio with the launch of a new automatic tester for low-volatility measurements. Grabner developed the MINIVAP VPXpert-L to automate the manual ASTM D2879 Standard Test Method for Vapour Pressure by Isoteniscope used by the chemical industry. The MINIVAP VPXpert-L analyser measures gasoline, jet fuels, solvents and chemicals as well as food, flavour and fragrance products with vastly improved precision. The analyser is optimised for a pressure range from 0.1 to 100 kPa and shows a measuring repeatability better than 0.1 kPa.
Government regulations mandate the measurement of the vapour pressure of virtually any liquid manufactured, stored or shipped to ensure transportation safety and to protect the environment. The MINIVAP VPXpert-L is the first completely automatic analyser that accurately tests fuels and chemicals down to 0.1 kPa vapour pressure in a temperature range from 0 to 120°C. The pressure range of this new tester is limited to 100 kPa, which results in an optimised measuring repeatability of less than 0.1 kPa. The instrument requires only 1 mL of sample per test, eliminates the need for vacuum pump and manual filling, and yields results within minutes.
“AMETEK Grabner Instruments is the recognised leader in vapour pressure testing. With its introduction of the MINIVAP VPXpert-L, Grabner paves the way for a new era in vapour pressure testing,” explains Oliver Sauer, Head of Marketing & Sales at AMETEK Grabner Instruments. “In terms of precision, the new instrument is about five times more precise when compared with other testers.”
“With this analyser, we are able to meet two key market requirements. First, we fulfill the demand of the petroleum industry for higher precision in routine gasoline and jet fuel testing. And, we offer a solution for the chemical, flavours and food industries, which have a specific need for low-volatility testing.”
The MINIVAP VPXpert-L includes all standard vapour pressure methods for testing fuels and incorporates new static methods for testing chemical compounds. These new 'VOC'-methods measure the absolute vapour pressure based on the static Triple Expansion Method and yield results equivalent to the static ASTM D2879 Isoteniscope method.
While experienced personnel are needed to operate an Isoteniscope, the VPXpert-L is easy to use. When the sample is connected to the instrument, a fully automatic measurement can be started immediately. To prevent composition changes of chemicals during the test, a sample evacuation is not required. Instead, dissolved and entrained air is automatically removed from the measurement result. Cross contamination between low volatile samples is minimised through a clever combination of high-quality Sampling Pro valves and automatic rinsing. To ensure proper sample outgassing and to reduce equilibrium time, a sample shaker is installed in every unit.
Additional information on the new MINIVAP VPXpert-L is available via the website or via email.
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Introducing HD Maxine for Multi-Element Analysis: Crude & Heavy Oils Application
From XOS (USA), manufacturer of leading sulphur analysers, the Sindie 7039, comes an innovative ICP alternative to measuring metals in crude and heavy oils–the HD Maxine. Driven by tightening elemental specifications, this critical new application is one of many for the multi- element HD Maxine analyser. Using High Definition X-ray Fluorescence technology (HDXRF®
in ten minutes or less with minimal sample preparation, providing incredible flexibility and exceptional levels of detection (LODs).
For this application, the precise measurement of metals in crude oil is critical as these elements can cause adverse effects at the refinery level. In fact, a technical paper presented at the Crude Oil Quality Group (COQG) describes the production of off-specification coke and deactivation of cracking catalysts as possible adverse effects of excess metals in crude oil. Vanadium is one of the common elements causing these issues and laboratories test for it regularly. Although vanadium naturally occurs in crude oil at low levels, contamination from the blending of residual products into the crude oil may result in the elevation of vanadium concentrations. (COQC, 2004, “Crude Oil Contaminants and Adverse Chemical Components and Their Effects On Refinery Operations”)
Additionally, excess iron may cause off-specification coke as well as pump and exchanger fouling, creating potentially severe problems in transportation and processing units. Although trace amounts of iron may naturally occur in crudes, it is predominantly introduced in the field or pipeline as iron oxide and iron sulfide. (COQC, 2004, “Crude Oil Contaminants and Adverse Chemical Components and Their Effects On Refinery Operations”)
In light of these issues, the Crude Oil Quality Association (COQA) has recommended additional specifications for Domestic Sweet crude oil that is delivered to the Cushing, Oklahoma terminals (NYMEX: Light Sweet Crude Oil Futures), including nickel at 8 parts per million (ppm) maximum and vanadium at 15 ppm maximum. However, currently available analysis, as determined by ASTM Standard D5708, Test Method B, requires a combination ICP-AES procedures (after acid digestion), which can be both expensive and labor intensive.
Low Flow Zone 1 Coriolis Precise and Compact
Mass Flow Meters / Controllers
now available with: IECEx and ATEX approval II 2G Ex d IIC T6
The HD Maxine offers an inexpensive, easy-to-use alternative to ICP-AES, suitable for use in laboratory and production applications. Sample preparation is minimal and non-destructive; simply pipette or pour 1ml of sample into the test cup and then measure. With the press of a button, the HD Maxine provides precise, multi-element results in ten minutes or less, completely eliminating the need for a lengthy and expensive ICP-AES procedure.
The exceptionally low LODs delivered by the HD Maxine are the result of state-of-the-art HDXRF technology, a technique based on monochromatic energy dispersive XRF for sample measurement. HDXRF differs from traditional EDXRF in that Doubly Curved Crystal (DCC) optics enhance measurement intensities by capturing x-rays from a divergent source and redirecting them into an intense focused beam to the sample surface. The use of multiple DCC optics enables multiple select-energy excitation beams that efficiently excite a broad range of target elements in the sample. This technique eliminates x-ray scattering background under the fluorescence peaks, greatly enhancing detection limits and precision.
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Fast, stable, accurate control for dosing, both pumps and valves PID control and measurement built in Flow rates 0,1 g/h ... 30 kg/h Independent of fluid properties
Innovation – Experience – Responsibility
Compliancy to increasingly stringent environmental requirements, like ASTM D6481 test method, is a must for producers of lubrication oils. Measurement precision is a key requirement of ASTM D6481. Epsilon 1 from PANalytical (Netherlands) for lubricating oil analysis comes pre-calibrated and is the ideal analysis solution for phosphorus, sulphur, calcium and zinc in unused lubricating oils.
Total costs of ownership and training investments are typically less than for techniques such as AAS, ICP and wet chemical methods that additionally require a dedicated skilled operator.
I
www.bronkhorst.co.uk - E
sales@bronkhorst.co.uk email:
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A NIST traceable validation sample for additives in unused lubricating oils enables you to independently verify the pre-calibration.
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ANNUAL BUYERS’ GUIDE 2014 •
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