Analytical Instrumentation in the Diesel sample.
2-Ethylhexylnitrate (2-EHN) is often used as additive, with concentrations typically between 50 ppm and 400 ppm. Even at this level, 2-EHN can be quantitatively determined with mid-IR spectroscopy.
Determination of Complex Parameters of Fuels
For monitoring fuel quality, not only the compositional analysis is of interest, but also the values of complex properties, like octane numbers for gasolines, cetane numbers of Diesel fuels or distillation properties are important.
Since these complex properties are correlated with the composition of the fuel samples, it is possible to calculate such complex properties from the IR spectrum. To be able to do that, a data base which contains the spectra or certain spectral regions of fuels samples and the values of the complex properties of interest as determined by a reference method (knock engine, distillation apparatus) is necessary.
Instruments for Fuel Analysis
Since the IR absorption for lighter molecules as present in gasoline is higher than for heavier molecules as present in Diesel fuel, different cells with different thickness need to be used for the different fuel types. Also, the methods to extract the information from the IR spectra are different for different fuel types.
Therefore, there used to be dedicated Gasoline and Diesel fuel IR analysers on the market.
This has changed with the ERASPEC from the Austrian manufacturer Eralytics GmbH. The ERASPEC is the first portable mid-FTIR spectrometer designed as a fully automated multi fuel analyser. It uses an innovative technology to switch within a few seconds between a Gasoline and a Diesel/Jet fuel measurement cell. The use of a small, integrated industrial PC board with large memory and high processing speed allows storing software for the analysis of different fuels types. With these features, it is possible to perform quantitative analyses for Gasoline, Diesel fuel and Jet fuel using just one single portable analyser.
Highly accurate results for more than 40 fuel parameters, several important fuel properties, like Octane and Cetane numbers as well as Biodiesel (FAME) in conventional Diesel and Jet fuel are presented on a large full color touch screen in seconds.
The unmatched precision, speed and ease of operation make ERASPEC the preferred analyser for fuel compliance testing in the QC laboratory, fast at-line refining streams quality follow-up, fuel blending and research applications.
It follows in each detail the requirements of the latest international
standards ASTM D5845, ASTM D6277, EN 238 and EN 14078 The heart of the system is a patented, rugged interferometer field- proven to be used also in challenging environments. The internal components are mounted on anti-vibration platforms and the portable aluminum instrument housing allows for field tests directly at the point of sale.
Additionally ERASPEC is an excellent solution for the global challenge posed by adulteration, smuggling and dilution in the fuel industry. With the touch of a button ERASPEC provides a detailed spectral analysis of fuels directly in the field to ensure the quality of fuels, to identify contaminations and to prevent impacts on public health, environment and engine components. For more information on ERASPEC visit
www.eralytics.com or send an email to
office@eralytics.com.
Gasoline Analysis by ERASPEC (selected parameters) Substance
Range Benzene
All other Aromatics MTBE
ETBE
Methanol Ethanol
All other Oxygenates Total Oxygen
Total Olefins
Total Aromatics Saturates Di-Olefins
0 - 10 Vol% 0 - 20 Vol%
0 - 20 Vol% 0 - 25 Vol% 0 - 15 Vol% 0 - 25 Vol% 0 - 25 Vol%
0 - 12 m% 0 - 80 Vol% 0 - 50 Vol% 0 - 100 Vol% 0 - 15 Vol%
DCPD (Dicyclopentadiene) 0 - 15 Vol% MMT (100µm-cell) CMT (100µm-cell)
Manganese (by MMT) Parameter
RON MON
DENSITY
70 - 110 60 - 100
0.5 - 1.999 gcm-3 Range
0.4 0.3
0.0006 gcm-3
Repeatability 0.018 Vol%
0.2 Vol% 0.08 Vol%
0.1 Vol% 0.05 Vol% 0.15 Vol% 0.1 Vol%
0.04 ml% 0.7 Vol% 0.8 Vol% 1.1 Vol% 0.18 Vol%
0.11 Vol%l
0 - 10000 mg/l 12 mg/l 0 - 10000 mg/l 12 mg/l 0 - 2500 mg/l 3 mg/l
at:
@ 0.5 Vol% @ 5 Vol%
@ 6 Vol% @ 9 Vol% @5 Vol%
@ 10 Vol % @ 10 Vol%
@ 1.6 m% @ 15 Vol% @ 33 Vol% @ 45 Vol% @ 5 Vol%
@ 5 Vol%l
@ 100 mg/l @ 100 mg/l @ 100 mg/l
Repeatability
Detection Limit 0.06 Vol%
0.7 Vol% 0.5 Vol%
0.5 Vol% 0.5 Vol% 0.5 Vol% 0.5 Vol%
0.09 m% 0.5 Vol% 0.5 Vol%
Not Applicable 0.2 Vol%
0.5 Vol% 30 mg/l 30 mg/l 5 mg/l
at:
@ 92 RON @ 82 MON
@ 0.7800 gcm-3
33
Diesel Fuel Analysis by ERASPEC (selected parameters) Concentration of: Biodiesel (FAME) Total Aromatics
Polynuclear Aromatics (PNA)
Cetane Improver (2- EHN)
Parameter
Cetane Number Cetane Index T90
Density Range 0.3 - 40 Vol% 0.5 - 60 Vol% 0.5 - 50 Vol% 50 - 8000 mg/l Range
20 - 80 20 - 80
0.5 – 1.999 gcm-3
0.32 0.25
0.4°C 0.7800 gcm-3 Repeatability 0.2 Vol% 0.3 Vol% 0.1Vol% 23 mg/l
Standard Deviation
at: 0 - 10 Vol% @ 20% @ 5 Vol% 0 - 800 mg/l Repeatability
0.8 0.7
1.0°C 0.0006 gcm-3
@ 50 @ 50
@ 330°C 0.7800 gcm-3 Detection Limit 0.3 Vol% 0.5 Vol% 0.5 Vol% 50 mg/l at:
Jet Fuel Analysis by ERASPEC (selected parameters) Parameter
Range
Freezing Point Flash Point Smoke Point
Total Aromatics Viscosity @ 20°C Viscosity @ -20°C FAME PNA
Density
-25 - -75 °C 25 – 65 °C 19 – 29 mm 0 – 60 Vol%
1.2 – 2.1 mPas 2.4 – 4.5 mPas 0.08 – 6 Vol% 0.25 – 10 Vol%
0.5 – 1.999 gcm-3
0.8°C 0.8°C
0.2 mm
0.45 Vol% 0.03 mPas 0.11 mPas 0.01 Vol% 0.08 Vol%
0.0006 gcm-3
Repeatability
@ -55 °C @ 45°C
@ 23 mm @ 17 Vol% @ 1.7 mPas @ 3.7 mPas 0.3 Vol% 0.4 Vol%
0.7800 gcm-3 NOTE: The range and repeatability for calculated parameters depend on the database used
at:
Annual Buyers’ Guide 2011
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