37


Table 2. Applications Application


Year


Polymer analysis


Food analysis 2013 2009 2014


2014 Environmental 2014 2012 Pharmaceutical 2010


Title


Main Author(s)


Potential of comprehensive chromatography in food analysis P.Q. Tranchida et al. Multidimensional chromatography in food analysis


Polymer separations by liquid interaction chromatography: Principles – prospects – limitations


Multi-dimensional separations of polymers


Development of on-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography method for the separation of biomass compounds


Selective comprehensive multidimensional separation for resolution enhancement in high performance liquid chroma- tography. Part II: Applications


Combined use of immunoassay and two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for the detection and identification of metabolites from biotherapeutic pharmacokinetic samples


2013 Metabolomics 2008


Two-dimensional liquid chromatography for direct chiral separations: a review


2010 Proteomics 2008


Comparison of the Practical Resolving Power of One- and Two-Dimensional High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Metabolomic Samples a


Citations [Ref] -


Miguel Herreroa et al. 31 W. Radke


-


P.J Schoenmakers, P.J. Aarnoutse


A. LeMasle et al. - - S.R. Groskreutz et al. 7 R.E. Murphy et al. 6


h i j


k l m n


M.E. León-González et al.


D.R. Stoll et al.


- 31


o p


Two-dimensional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry separation of water-soluble metabolites


Development of a comprehensive multidimensional liquid chromatography system with tandem mass spectrometry detection for detailed characterization of recombinant proteins


2010 aOffline approach challenges;


• The hydrodynamic force is typically very large compared to the electrophoretic effect


• Resistive heating of the mobile phase may result in eluent/sample solution out gassing


There are researchers that are looking to address these significant challenges, but this is currently not a popular approach [31].


4. Summary of key 2DLC applications.


The wealth of information available on 2DLC is vast. A literature search on multi/ two-dimensional liquid chromatography via Scifinder Scholar returns over 6,000 hits. The optimum summary is to tabulate the most recent or highly cited journal articles in their respective topic. Selected articles related to method development and applications are included in Tables 1 and 2 respectively. The reader must not limit themselves to the tables but use it as an initial reference to


build confidence in developing a LC × LC method. Once the technique is adopted in the lab, the peak capacity power can be applied to various complex separations demanding high resolution.


5. Conclusion


This article has looked at the hyphenation of LC and LC. There are still many challenges that need to be overcome before the technology is accepted by the majority of chromatographers as being routine, however substantial strides have been made by the many authors listed in this publication. It is envisaged that with the development of more robust stationary phases and the development of new approaches to focussing elution bands, will result in this technology becoming more widely adopted, particularly with the development of the ‘omic science which require substantial resolution of components not traditional viable using a one dimensional approach. The hyphenation of LC and LC is not at all trivial and the journey


to a universally accepted solution will take some time, but the benefits of obtaining such high resolution will prove invaluable for fingerprinting where complex samples are being analysed.


6. References


[1]. Rutan, P.W. Carr, J. Chromatogr. A 1168 (2007) 3.


[2] G. Guiochon, L.A. Beaver, M.F. Gonnord, A.M. Siouffi, M. Zakaria, J. Chromatogr. 255 (1983) 415.


[3] J.C. Giddings, Anal. Chem. 56 (1984) 1258A.


[4] X. Li, D.R. Stoll, P.W. Carr, Anal. Chem. 81 (2009) 845.


[5] D.R. Stoll, X. Wang, P.W. Carr, Anal. Chem. 80 (2008) 268.


[6] R.E. Murphy, M.R. Schure, J.P. Foley, Anal. Chem. 70 (1998) 1585.


[7] J. M Davis, D.R Stoll, P.W Carr, Anal. Chem 80 (2007) 461.


[8] L.W. Potts, X. Li, D.R. Stoll, P.W. Carr, J. Chromatogr. A 1217 (2010) 5700.


Multi-dimensional liquid chromatography in proteomics—A review


J.N. Fairchild et al. T.Kajdan et al.


12 18


q r


X. Zhang et al.


45


s


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