29


and distribution of wastewater- and turf-grass-management-derived organic pollutants on Kiawah Island.


Table 3 provides details of the online SPE LC/MS method, including the compounds monitored and the instrument limits of detection (LOD). Samples were quantitated down to the sub ppt (pg/mL) level.


Figure 5 displays the measured contaminant concentrations in representative storm and wastewater retention ponds.


Conclusion


A multifaceted approach to identifying and quantifying non-targeted emerging compounds in environmental surface and ground water samples impacted by treated wastewater has been demonstrated, which utilises hyphenated technology coupled to liquid chromatography.


• HRMS can be used to identify environmental compounds in wastewater treatment plant impacted environments.


• Online SPE coupled with a triple quadrupole MS can be used to quantitate samples down to the sub ppt (ng/L) level.


Future work will include studying the toxicological impact of these compounds on aquatic species.


References


1. Yamashita M., Fenn, J.B., J. Phys. Chem., 88 (1984) 4451-4459


2. Makarov A., Anal. Chem., 72 (6) (2000) 1156–62.


3. Petrović, M.. Hernando, M.D.. Díaz- Cruz, M.S.. Barceló, D., J. Chrom. A, 1067 (2005) 1-14


4. Núñez, O., Moyano, E., Galceran, M.T., TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 24 (2005) 683-703


5. Watt, A.P., Morrison, D., Locker, K.L., Evans, D.C., Anal. Chem., 72 (2000) 979-84


6. Yamada, R., Kozono, M., Ohmori, T., Morimatsu, F., Kitayama, M., Biosci Biotech. Biochem., 70 (2006) 54-65


7. Berset, J-D., Brenneisen, R., Mathieu, C., Chemosphere, 81 (2010) 859-866


8. Morioka T and Cho H.S., Water Sci. Technol. 26 (12) (1992) 77–84


9. D.M. Silburn, J.L. Foley, R.C. deVoil, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 180 (2013) 40-53


10. Edge, A. (2003) in Wilson I.D. (ed), Handbook of Bioanalytical Separations vol. 4, Bioanalytical Separations, Elsevier, The Netherlands, 2003, 9


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