258 J. Mohd‐Azlan et al.
FIG. 5 (a) Predicted occurrence probabilities of marbled cat and bay cat in Sarawak in relation to the distance to the nearest road; dashed vertical lines indicate 10 km. (b) Predicted occurrence probability of leopard cat, flat-headed cat and clouded leopard in relation to the distance to the nearest river; dashed vertical lines indicate 10 km. (c) Predicted occurrence probability of flat-headed cat and clouded leopard in relation to elevation; dashed vertical lines indicate 700 m (the approximate transition between lowland and lower montane forest).
contrast to previous research in Sabah suggesting that male (but not female) clouded leopards may preferentially utilize roads for travel (Wearn et al., 2013; Hearn et al., 2018); the
difference could stem from a higher hunting pressure in Sarawak than in Sabah, reducing selection for areas such as roads that are frequented by people. Previous research also suggested that the local abundance of the clouded leo- pard declines in areas with high road density (Brodie et al., 2015a), that elevation affects the distribution of this species, and that it is tolerant of logging concessions but not oil palm plantations or coastal regions (Brodie et al., 2015a; Yue et al., 2015; Hearn et al., 2016). Most protected areas in Sarawak are relatively small
FIG. 6 Ridgeline plots illustrating the relative frequency of independent detections as functions of elevation; the dashed vertical line at 700 m denotes the approximate transition between lowland and lower montane forest. Maximum absolute frequency of detections varied from 11 (flat-headed cat) to 681 independent detections (leopard cat).
and surrounded by human-dominated areas, a fact that should be considered when determining the conservation value of existing and prospective protected areas for the long-term viability of felids and other species in the state. Maintaining a connected network of forests, even if some of the areas are degraded or partly used for wood or fibre production, is important for species conservation in this increasingly changing landscape (Brodie et al., 2016). The development of effective conservation plans for felids in Sarawak will depend on the determination of realistic and achievable targets, an appreciation of the particular conservation and environmental contexts in the state, and reliable data on local species distributions and ecology, as presented here.
Oryx, 2023, 57(2), 252–261 © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605321001484
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