Maps can show smaller areas, such as a farm or a small town. Maps can show bigger areas, such as a province. Maps can also show a whole country or the whole world. We are now going to look at a map of our country, South Africa.
W
N S
E Limpopo Polokwane Mbombela PRETORIA Mahikeng Johannesburg North West Mpumalanga
Land and sea on the map
South Africa is surrounded by sea on three sides. Look at the map
Free State Kimberley Northern Cape Bloemfontein
KwaZulu- Natal
Pietermaritzburg
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Western CAPE TOWN Cape
INDIAN OCEAN
Eastern Cape Bhisho
KEY
Provincial capital National capital
International border Provincial border
to see how land is shown and how the sea is shown. Look at maps in an atlas to see how land and sea is shown. The sea on a
map is often shown as blue. Land is shown in
New word
coastline: the line where the land meets the sea
different colours. Every province or country will be a different colour. The line where the land meets the sea is called the coastline.
Oceans Drawing a map using symbols and a key
Follow these steps when you draw your own map: 1 Draw a box or framework around your map. If you draw a map from a picture, you can draw the framework the same size as the framework around the picture.
2 Look at the objects you have to put on the map. Decide what symbols you will use.
New words are explained when they occur for the first time. These words are also found in a glossary at the end of the book.
46 Module 3: Map skills
OSSS4LB_Module_3.indd 46
3 Draw your symbols in a key under the map or next to the map.
4 Use the symbols you have chosen to fill in the objects on the map. Start with objects that go from one side to the other, such as roads.
Draw and complete your own map Activity 3 with symbols and a key
Here is a picture of some houses next to a railway line.
The activities ensure that concepts are understood and consolidate knowledge.
Common forms of transport on land today
Trains are still used today. Most of the trains used are diesel or electric trains. The train in the photograph is a goods train.
Most of the goods transported on land today are transported in long-distance trucks, such as the one in the photograph.
Thousands of people in our cities need to get to work
OSSS4LB_Module_1.indd 17
Draw a map of this area. Follow these steps: 1 Draw the framework the same size as the one around the picture.
2 Use symbols to show the railway line, the electricity poles and cables, the houses and the trees. You can use the symbols already shown in this unit, or you can make up your own. Remember to give a key explaining all the symbols you have used. 3 Draw the symbols on your map.
42 Module 3: Map skills
4LB_Module_3.indd 42
Case studies show real life examples of content introduced.
27/02/12 4:22 PM Case study
The impact of exhaust fumes on the environment
At the end of the book you will find: • two practice tests that will test the work done throughout the year. • a glossary that explains new words in the text with page references to find them.
As transport developed, people built roads and bridges between all the important parts of a country. The development of transport has made our lives easier in many ways, but it has also had some bad effects. In any big city, thousands or millions of cars, buses, taxis and trucks drive around all day long. These vehicles all release exhaust fumes into the air. The exhaust fumes are harmful to people and the environment. Health problems
People living in cities have to breathe in these exhaust fumes every day. This can damage their lungs. They can also get sick more easily, because their lungs are not that strong.
every day. They drive in cars or are catch buses, metro trains and minibus taxis. Lots of people also use motorbikes so that they can travel more quickly through the traffic.
Unit 3: People and their needs 17 25/02/12 12:08 PM 25/02/12 6:26 PM
Large areas of sea are called oceans. The ocean on the west side of South Africa is called the
Atlantic Ocean. Find the Atlantic Ocean on the map. The ocean on the east side of South Africa is called the
Indian Ocean. Find the Indian Ocean on the map. The Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean meet at the
most southern point of South Africa – Cape Agulhas. Find this point on the map.
High-quality illustrations support learning and visual literacy.
Unit 3 People and their needs
What all people need Everyone needs these things: • a place to live • a clean water supply • food to eat • electricity • be able to go to hospitals, clinics and school.
In big settlements, such as towns and cities, there are services that people should have, for example rubbish removal, water and taps, and human waste removal (sewage systems). The municipality of the town or city provides these services. People who live in a settlement must pay their local municipality for these services. The pictures show different services needed in a settlement.
New words
sewage systems: pipes that carry dirty water away
municipality: local government that provides services for a town or district
Unit 1: Transport on land
OSSS4LB_Module_6.indd 89
Gauteng
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26
