How to use this book
Contents How to use this book ......................................................... 5
Module 1 Places where people live 7
Unit 1 People and places ................................................... 8 Unit 2 Landmarks and explaining the way .................... 13 Unit 3 People and their needs ......................................... 17 Summary and assessment ................................................ 21
Module 2 Local history 23
Unit 1 Learning about the present of a local area .......... 24 Unit 2 Learning about the history of a local area ...........27 Unit 3 History project: Local history ..............................30 Summary and assessment ................................................35
Module 3 Map skills 37
Unit 1 Side views and plan views ................................... 38 Unit 2 Symbols and keys .................................................40 Unit 3 Grid references .....................................................43 Unit 4 Compass directions ..............................................45 Unit 5 A map of South Africa ..........................................46 Unit 6 A globe and map of the world .............................49 Summary and assessment ................................................53
The first page of each module describes the content that will be covered.
Module 4 Learning from leaders
Unit 1 Transport on land Animal transport
There are two ways how animals can be used for transport, namely: • people can ride animals or pack things on an animal’s back
• animals can pull things, such as carts, wagons and coaches.
Opportunities for revision and assessment are found at the end of each module.
OSSS4LB_Module_FM.indd 3 Carts, wagons and coaches New word
invention: a thing that somebody has made for the first time
Icons
The invention of the wheel was very important. Animals, such as oxen, horses, mules and donkeys, were used to pull carts, wagons and coaches. More goods and heavier loads could be transported.
A cart is an open vehicle. It can have two or four wheels. People load things on the cart and the animal pull it for them.
These icons will guide you in terms of assessments.
A wagon is a vehicle with four wheels. It can also be open, or it can be covered with a piece of material. A coach is a vehicle is used by people. It is usually covered with material or a wooden structure to keep the people warm and dry.
OSSS4LB_Module_1.indd 7 Assessment
This was a cab designed Joseph Hansom. It was a kind of taxi. Today taxis in London are still called cabs.
86 Module 6: Transport through time
OSSS4LB_Module_6.indd 86
These activities can be used for formal assessment.
This wagon would have been pulled by oxen. It was used to transport goods before there were trains.
1 Read these word meanings: 1.1 The line where the land meets the sea 1.2 The town where the leader and officials of the province work
25/02/12 1:41 PM
These questions are designed to challenge learners to think about what they have learnt.
Choose the words that match these meanings from this list:
Symbol Provincial capital
Keygrid Border
Reference Coastline Globe
Continent [8 × 1 = 8]
Unit 6: Summary and assessment 53
1.3 A way of finding places on a map using a grid 1.4 Dividing line between provinces or countries 1.5 A list of symbols with their meanings 1.6 A very large area of land 1.7 A simple picture or letter that represents an object 1.8 A model of the Earth
Horses, donkeys and oxen have been used to carry goods and people for a very long time. People who live in the desert use camels. Camels can travel for a long time without being given water.
This picture shows a Khoikhoi man, who lived over a hundred years ago, riding an ox.
55
Unit 1 What is a good leader? .........................................56 Unit 2 Life stories of two good leaders ...........................59 Summary and assessment ................................................69
Module 1 Places where people live
Unit headings introduce the content that will be covered.
In this module you will learn about different places where people live. Some people live in a small place with only a few other people. Other people live with thousands of other people in a city. You will find out how to explain a short journey in a place. The jobs people do and how they get their daily needs also depend on where they live.
People and places
Places to live
Work: jobs people do
Buildings and their uses
Module 3 Summary and assessment
Roads and footpaths
25/02/12 11:45 AM
Describing and drawing a short journey
Revision summary In this module we have looked at maps and how to use them. We have learnt that: • A plan view shows us what an object looks like from above.
Explaining how to get from one place to another
• The side view and plan view of an object look different.
• We use symbols on a map to show different objects. • The key on a map explains what the symbols mean. • A grid reference helps us to find places on a map. • The four main points of the compass are north, south, east and west.
• A globe is a model of the Earth. • A map of the world shows the continents and the oceans.
Module 1: Places where people live 7 25/02/12 12:07 PM
• The map of South Africa shows land and sea, provinces and towns.
Landmarks and explaining the way
Landmarks: natural and human-made
MODULE 1: Places where people live
People and their needs
What all people need
Ways that people meet their needs
The content is broken down on a termly basis for Geography and History, in line with the CAPS.
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