skills, like construction, chemistry and architecture, to set up their own indepen- dent black towns, like Tulsa Oklahoma and Rosewood Florida. After they were set free, they had the necessary tools to build their own and societies. The Black Wall Street was an exclusively Black- operated commercial district. Blacks had their own bus line, high schools, hospital, newspapers, theaters, drug stores, hotels, library, grocery stores, cafes, and night- clubs. Many wanted absolutely nothing to do with white society. This was their form of resistance. However, there were also many Blacks who resisted their own peo- ple and wanted nothing to do with them. They were more concerned with integrat- ing with their former slave masters THE MOVEMENTS: On the plantation, an interesting dy-
namic and thought process existed amongst various slaves. It was mainly based on their experiences and status in relation to the master and other slaves. The ones treated the worst usually de- sired nothing to do with the plantation, they hated the master, his family and oth- er slaves who had love and contempt for them. They were considered runaways and threats to the institution of slavery. The slave masters routinely made exam- ples of them in order to keep the other slaves in check. Another type of slave who hated the
master but usually didn’t really have a strong enough desire to escape the planta- tion. They often complained amonst each other but seldom did much to change their condition. They stayed away from the master as much as they could and only dealt with him when necessary, at work. The field slaves often became runaways. The other type of slaves loved the mas-
ter, according to Malcolm X, more than themeselves. They believed the reason
blacks were in their condition was be- cause of their laziness, inaction, or natu- ral inability. The master treated them bet- ter than the rest of the slaves so they felt special and superior than the other slaves. they even lived in the same house as the master. they resisted the beliefs of the other slaves, especially those who want- ed to escape, more than the slave master. this was the infamous house slave. amaz- ingly enough, this mentally trancended the shackles of slavery and many blacks still shared the same beliefs. these be- liefs shaped their movements: the integra- tionalist movements shared similar beliefs as the house slaves. the mild blacks sep- eratists shared similare beliefs as the field slaves, and the Black Nationalists shared similare beliefs as the runaway slaves. Marcus Garvey founded the UNIA(Universal Negro Improvement Association), which was inspired by the teachings and beliefs of Booker T Washington, which said Blacks should build an ecomomic base before persuing politics. He led the biggest movement of Black people during the early 1900s and had a publication, The Negro World, that reached many countries in the world. He Be- lieved in “Africa for the Africans ,“ and Blacks from around the world
should build relationships with them. He created the Black Star Line, a network of steam ships, and sold stock to Black people to sponsor it. He was given land in Liberia to build a rubber industry. He and his movement recieved stark criti- cism from integrationists such as W.E.B Dubois and A Phillip Randolf. They op- posed his nationalist ideology, called him a thief and lead the “Drive Garvey out of America” campaign.
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