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KLMNO THE WORLD Army intelligence analyst is charged in Wikileaks case


U.S. TAKING TOUGH LINE ON LEAKS Case involves video of deadly 2007 strike in Iraq


by Leila Fadel


baghdad — The military said Tuesday that it has charged an Army intelligence analyst in con- nection with the leak of a contro- versial video and the download- ing and transfer of classified State Department cables, in a case that is likely to further deter would-be whistleblowers. The case against Pfc. Bradley Manning, 22, reflects the tough


stance the Obama administration appears to be taking against the disclosure of classified informa- tion. A memo by Defense Secre- tary Robert M. Gates last week warned that such leaks would not be “tolerated” and would be pros- ecuted when proved — an atti- tude that some analysts suggested could carry a cost. “Potential whistleblowers may


judge that the risks of revealing classified information are too


high,” said Steven Aftergood of the Federation of American Scien- tists. “When real misconduct is involved, that would be an unfor- tunate conclusion to draw. Many of the most important violations of law and policy, from warrant- less wiretapping to torture of de- tainees, have become public through unauthorized disclo- sures of classified information.” Aftergood emphasized, how-


ever, that it is unclear what was in many of the cables Manning al- legedly obtained and that some leaked information could have dire national security and diplo- matic consequences. Manning was detained in May


after Wikileaks.org, a Web site that aims to expose government


and corporate secrets, released the video it had allegedly ob- tained from him. The footage, tak- en by cameras on U.S. Apache helicopters, shows several civil- ians, including two Reuters news agency employees, being killed in aU.S. strike in Iraq in July 2007. Manning faces two charges un- der the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The first encompasses four counts of violating army reg- ulations by transferring classified information, including the video, to a personal computer and add- ing unauthorized software to a classified computer system. The second comprises eight counts of violating federal laws governing the handling of classified infor- mation. The military said addi-


tional charges are possible. Among the materials Manning


is accused of transmitting to “a person not entitled to receive them” are the video and more than 50 classified diplomatic ca- bles. According to the charge sheet, he also downloaded more than 150,000 unclassified cables. Manning, who was with the


10th Mountain Division in Iraq, was detained and taken to Kuwait after a former hacker said Man- ning had bragged to him about leaking classified information, in- cluding hundreds of thousands of State Department cables. “Mr. Manning has implicated himself there if he was our source,” said Daniel Schmitt, a spokesman for Wikileaks. “Now,


with the charges, we know what the government is going for.” Schmitt said that Wikileaks has


retained lawyers to look into the case but that they have been un- able to make contact with Man- ning. He said he hopes they will have access to him now that he has been charged. Manning is represented by


Capt. Paul Bouchard of the Judge Advocate General’s Corps and has not retained a civilian lawyer, a military spokesman said. The military said in a state- ment that after an Article 32 in- vestigation, similar to a grand jury hearing, it will determine whether to “refer the case to trial by court-martial.”


fadell@washpost.com


Impasse in wake of Maoist victory disrupts life in Nepal Prime minister steps down after failing to reach compromise on governing structure or integration of rebels


by Anup Kaphle in kathmandu, nepal


For a decade, he carried a 9mm pistol and battled government forces in almost every corner of Nepal as part of a Maoist in- surgency that ravaged this majes- tic Himalayan nation. Today Basudev “Pawel” Ghi- mire and thousands of other reb- els live in U.N.-monitored camps — their guns locked away, at least for now. They are the most visible symbol of a political stalemate that has brought Nepal to an awk- ward and volatile standstill. A 2006 peace agreement and a surprising Maoist victory in 2008 elections earned the rebels’ politi- cal party a central role in govern- ing the country. But the Maoists and the Nepalese military and po- litical establishment have been unable to agree on a deal to allow the Maoists to govern. The resulting deadlock has dis- rupted life in this nation of nearly 30 million people, and caused jit- ters from Kathmandu to Nepal’s two giant neighbors, India and China. The latest casualty was Prime


Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal, who resigned last week after fail- ing to solve the political dilemma, including how to reintegrate the Maoists and their highly trained soldiers into Nepalese life and governance. Maoist leaders are demanding


that all 19,600 members of their People’s Liberation Army be ac- cepted into the same national se- curity forces they once battled. But opponents, including some


military leaders, argue that the rebels should be disbanded, per- manently disarmed and sent back to their villages, fearing that they would undermine the mili- tary and the country’s fledgling democracy. “We fought for a reason,” said Ghimire, who lists “national de- fense” as his only interest on his Facebook page. “We are trained to kill, make bombs and detonate bombs. Now you expect us to go back and plow the farms again?” At least 12,500 people died, and an estimated 150,000 to 200,000 were internally displaced, during Nepal’s 10-year insurgency, which started in 1996. It began as a re- bellion by a few dozen men influ-


0 MILES CHINA INDIA BANGLA.


Indian Ocean


CHINA New Delhi


Jhyaltungdada NEPAL


INDIA LARIS KARKLIS/THE WASHINGTON POST PHOTOS BY ANUP KAPHLE/THE WASHINGTON POST Four years after a peace deal between Maoist rebels and the government, Nepal’s army, on parade above, has not yet integrated the rebels.


enced by communist icons Mao Zedong and Karl Marx, and grew into a national movement aimed largely at dislodging the country’s centuries-old monarchy. Under the 2006 peace accord, the rebels agreed to disarm under U.N. supervision and compete in national elections. The Maoists shocked the nation two years lat- er by sweeping elections that ulti- mately led to the abolition of the 230-year-old monarchy. The Maoists initially took pow- er in the world’s newest republic, in the high-altitude shadow of Mount Everest. Eight months lat- er the Maoists abruptly quit in a dispute over a decision to fire the army chief.


Since then, the Maoists and the ruling parties have been at an im- passe — including over the draft- ing of a new post-monarchy con- stitution. Both sides have set a deadline of next year for finaliz- ing the document, but analysts said such deadlines are essen- tially meaningless in the current political environment. “If the Maoists and the ruling


parties don’t move on integra- tion, constitutional issues and power-sharing, we will only be postponing the crisis,” said Prash-


In Jhyaltungdada, a village in western Nepal, 900 rebels pass the time playing chess and soccer and updating their Facebook status.


ant Jha, a political analyst based in Kathmandu. Concerns of a Maoist-led gov- ernment have spread across the border to neighboring India, an- other democracy struggling with a violent Maoist insurgency. India was also rattled by China’s deci- sion to send several high-level military and political delegations to Nepal during the period when the Maoists were in power. “The Indians fear efforts by


Maoists to change the geopoliti- cal balance of the region by cozy-


ing up to China,” said Prashant Jha, the political analyst. In camps across Nepal, the for- mer rebels await word on their fate.


On a recent day at a camp in


Jhyaltungdada, a small village in western Nepal, about 900 foot soldiers passed the time playing chess and soccer, updating their Facebook status on shared lap- tops and having heated political discussions.


Dandapani “Dabin” Bhattarai, 25, who said he ambushed gov-


DIGEST ISRAEL


Staff sergeant indicted over Gaza war actions The Israeli military announced Tuesday that its top lawyer has in-


dicted a staff sergeant on manslaughter charges and a lieutenant colo- nel for allegedly deviating from authorized protocol during Israel’s 2009 military operation in the Gaza Strip. A third soldier, a captain, was disciplined for not having exercised appropriate judgment during the military operation, which came in re- sponse to sustained cross-border rocket attacks by Palestinian mil- itants. Israel’s military advocate general, Maj. Gen. Avichai Mendelblit, also said a criminal investigation has been launched into the circumstances surrounding Israeli aerial strikes during the operation that a U.N. re- port said killed 23 members of one family. Human rights organizations have criticized Israel for not adequately


investigating its military actions or holding soldiers accountable for misdeeds committed during the assault, which killed nearly 1,400 Pal- estinians, most of them civilians. In his statement Tuesday, Mendelblit said the Israeli military has ex- amined more than 150 incidents related to the operation. A U.N. fact- finding mission led by a South African judge, Richard Goldstone, said that both sides committed war crimes during the conflict. — Janine Zacharia


THAILAND


Government extends state of emergency Thailand on Tuesday extended


a state of emergency imposed in about a third of the country dur- ing recent bloody political pro-


tests, saying that anti-govern- ment elements still pose a threat. The protests by backers of an ousted premier turned violent in April and May. Ninety people died and many were injured, im- periling the stability of Southeast Asia’s second-biggest economy. — Reuters


the groups, which have managed an uneasy political dance since the fall of Saddam Hussein. A U.N. force might offer both


the Iraqi leadership and Presi- dent Obama a politically palat- able alternative to an ongoing U.S. presence, observers said. — Associated Press


HUSSEIN MALLA/ASSOCIATED PRESS


LEBANON Women mourn as they photograph the coffin of Lebanon’s top Shiite cleric, Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah, 75, who died Sunday. Thousands swarmed the funeral procession in south Beirut.


IRAQ


Odierno sees need for U.N. in north


The top American military commander in Iraq said in an in- terview Tuesday that U.N. peace-


keeping forces may need to re- place departing U.S. troops in the nation’s oil-rich north if a sim- mering feud between Arabs and Kurds continues through 2011. Gen. Ray Odierno observed


that no immediate end is in sight to the years-long dispute between


Probe reopened into Spanish re- porter’s death: Spain’s Supreme Court ordered the reopening of a probe into the death of a Spanish journalist who was hit by U.S. tank fire in Iraq in 2003. Cam- eraman José Couso was one of two journalists killed when the tank crew responded to what it said was hostile fire from the Baghdad hotel that housed West- ern journalists. U.S. officials said investigations had shown the sol- diers acted correctly.


3 killed as Indian forces fire on protesters in Kashmir: Indian police fired at hundreds of stone- throwing protesters in Kashmir, killing three civilians. The deaths of at least 14 people, mostly pro- testers, in the past three weeks have triggered the biggest anti- India protests in two years in the


Muslim-majority Kashmir Valley.


Bus driver kills 6 passengers in Cairo: A disgruntled employee of an Egyptian construction firm opened fire on his colleagues, killing six and wounding 16, be- fore surrendering. Police said the gunman, a company bus driver, pulled over his vehicle in western Cairo, whipped out an assault ri- fle and fired at his passengers.


15 killed in clash between Turk- ish troops, Kurds: Kurdish guer- rillas attacked a military outpost in southeastern Turkey, trigger- ing a clash in which 12 militants and three soldiers were killed. The assault was part of a surge in attacks on the armed forces since the rebels ended a 14-month cease-fire at the start of June.


U.N. compound besieged in Sri Lanka: Hundreds of protesters, led by a government minister, laid siege to the U.N. compound in Colombo, trapping workers in- side for hours in an effort to force the world body to cancel its probe of alleged abuses committed dur- ing Sri Lanka’s civil war. — From news services


ernment forces all over the coun- try during the insurrection, ech- oed the common sentiment here that the former rebels should be allowed to join the security forces en masse. Critics have argued that allow- ing all members to join could be a destabilizing factor inside the 96,000-strong national army. “I’ll join the national army if all of us are integrated together,” Bhattarai said. “But if they filter us and integrate individually, we will understand that their goal was to humiliate us after tricking us into signing the peace agree- ment.” Army officials say that they are not against the integration proc- ess as a whole but that they can- not recruit politically indoctri- nated Maoists. “No way that any political ca- dre can be integrated in the army. Before the integration starts, they must be disassociated with active politics,” said Brig. Gen. Ramin- dra Chettri, spokesman for Ne- pal’s army.


While the United Nations is nominally in charge of the camps, the Maoists seem to be in control. The combatants in the camps reg- ularly receive robust military and


physical training and intense po- litical indoctrination. Walking past the U.N. offices inside the camp, Ghimire pointed at a massive white container and said, “Our guns are inside those containers. But what the world doesn’t know is we are the ones guarding them and we won’t have any problems accessing them.” Ram Sharan Mahat, a senior leader of the second-biggest po- litical party, Nepali Congress, said there is no possibility of per- manent peace in Nepal as long as the Maoists have an organized army — even one living in the U.N.-monitored camps. Baburam Bhattarai, vice chair- man of the Maoist party, said he hoped that the political deadlock could be broken and an agree- ment reached on the fate of the rebels. “We have no intention of going back to war,” Bhattarai said. “But if one side violates the peace agreement, then there is a danger of conflict relapsing again.” Among the soldiers cooling their heels in the camps, there seemed to be less optimism. “I hope the government under- stands that at least 95 percent of the People’s Liberation Army members will happily go and fight a war for another decade,” Ghimire said. “Now, would they rather have


us fight alongside them or fight against them?” he said. “That is a decision they have to make.” anup.kaphle@wpost.com


Kaphle traveled to Nepal on a grant from the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting.


Everest Mt. Kathmandu 150 Detail CHINA BHUTAN


WEDNESDAY, JULY 7, 2010


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