Assessment: Physical Findings Taste Alterations


Zinc deficiency can lead to lack of sensitivity to taste and smell (2). Patients who report changes in taste—or a recent propensity to add salt, spices, or other flavoring to food— may be deficient in zinc. This deficiency may be more likely if the patient had been severely restricting intake or following a vegetarian eating pattern. (Overuse of condi- ments is not always related to zinc deficiency. It can also be a method of “ruining” food so that it is not edible.)


Nausea and Early Satiety


Both nausea and early satiety when eating can occur during nutritional rehabilitation. For patients who are accustomed to eating only tiny amounts, or to inducing vomiting after eating, food in the stomach can provoke physical pain along with the expected mental distress. Patients who report physical discomfort during or


after eating should be referred to the primary physician, who may be able to recommend prescription or over-the- counter symptom management. It is important to convey to the patient that GI discomfort must not be allowed to impede nutritional rehabilitation.


Diarrhea


Diarrhea can be related to eating disorders in many ways, such as the consumption of large amounts of refined carbo- hydrates in patients who binge; eating excessive amounts of foods known to induce diarrhea for the purpose of purg- ing; or as a result of use and misuse of laxatives (among other possibilities). Diarrhea can discourage someone with an eating disorder from wanting to eat. Therefore, if diarrhea is noted in the nutrition assessment, refer the patient to a physician for evaluation.


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